Anticarcinogenic Effects of Products of Heat-Processed Ginsenoside Re, a Major Constituent of Ginseng Berry, on Human Gastric Cancer Cells

Jang, Hyuk-Jai; Han, Im-Ho; Kim, Young-Joo; Yamabe, Noriko; Lee, Dahae; Hwang, Gwi Seo; Oh, Moon Young; Choi, Kyung‐Chul; Kim, Su‐Nam; Ham, Jungyeob; Eom, Dae-Woon; Kang, Ki Sung

doi:10.1021/jf5000776

Cited by 60 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Rare ginsenosides such as Rk 3 , Rh 4 , Rg 5 , Rg 6 , F 4 , Rg 3 , Rh 2 and so on, which can degrade from the major ones by thermal and acid or alkali treatments, have been confirmed to have extremely high cancer inhibition effect. [40][41][42][43] Therefore, inspired from the thermal degradation of ginsenoside Re leading to the formation of Re-derived anticancer compositions, we selected Re as carbon source to obtain CDs functioning both as imaging reagents and effective anticancer drugs through the hydrothermal process. During the hydrothermal synthesis of ginsenoside Re-based CDs (Re-CDs), the original materials would be probably destructed and reconstructed to form more novel constituents and active functional groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of ginsenoside Re-based carbon dots applied for bioimaging and effective inhibition of cancer cells

Hua

Song

et al. 2018

IJN

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BackgroundFluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials have promising properties such as biosensing, cell imaging, tracing and drug delivery. However, carbon dots (CDs) with specific inherent biological functions have not been investigated. Ginsenosides are the components with multiple bioactivities found in plants of the genus Panax, which have attracted a lot of attention for their anticancer effect.Materials and methodsIn this study, we prepared a kind of novel photoluminescent CDs from ginsenoside Re by one-step hydrothermal synthesis method. The conventional methods including transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, HPLC and fluorescence spectrum were used for characterization of CDs. In vitro anticancer effect was investigated by cytotoxicity assay, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis.ResultsThe as-prepared Re-CDs had an average diameter of 4.6±0.6 nm and excellent luminescent properties. Cellular uptake of Re-CDs was facilitated by their tiny nanosize, with evidence of their bright excitation-dependent fluorescent images. Compared with ginsenoside Re, the Re-CDs showed greater inhibition efficiency of cancer cell proliferation, with lower toxicity to the normal cells. The anticancer activity of Re-CDs was suggested to be associated with the generation of large amount of ROS and the caspase-3 related cell apoptosis.ConclusionHopefully, the dual functional Re-CDs, which could both exhibit bioimaging and anticancer effect, are expected to have great potential in future clinical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of ginsenoside Re-based carbon dots applied for bioimaging and effective inhibition of cancer cells

Hua

Song

et al. 2018

IJN

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“…Anti-cancer activity: Recent studies have reported that the ginseng berry exhibits anti-cancer activity in in vitro [20][21][22][23][24][25] and in vivo [26,27], as well as the ability to attenuate chemotherapy-induced side effects [28,29]; these effects result from the promotion of dendritic cell maturation. Interestingly, the ginseng berry induced a higher degree of co-stimulatory molecule up regulation than the root extract at the same concentrations [30].…”

Section: Anti-diabetic Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginseng Berry and its Biological Effects as a Natural Phytochemical

Kim¹,

Cho²,

Kim³

et al. 2016

Nat Prod Chem Res

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A recent trial in the development of new medications and immune-modulatory agents is to search for candidates among natural products because they have relatively low toxicities in clinical applications. Ginseng has been used as a traditional medicine in Asia and has demonstrated efficacy against various human diseases, such as viral infectious diseases, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Recent studies and clinical cases have enhanced the interest in the potential biological effects of the ginseng berry, an association that appears to be due to the phytochemical content of this fruit. The ginseng berry has various bioactivities, such as anti-diabetic, anti-oxidation, anti-neuro degeneration, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, and enhancement of sexual function bioactivities. Moreover, syringaresinol, the effective anti-aging component of the ginseng berry, has the ability to stimulate longevity via gene activation. Further molecular and clinical studies are necessary to uncover the numerous bioactive substances in the ginseng berry that contribute to public health.

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“…Recent studies have reported that the ginseng berry also exhibits anti-cancer activity in in vitro [2,[73][74][75][76][77] side effects [80,81]; these effects result from the promotion of dendrite cell maturation. Interestingly, the ginseng berry induced a higher degree of co-stimulatory molecule up regulation than the root extract at the same concentrations [82].…”

Section: Anti-cancer Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginseng Berry, a Promising Anti-Aging Strategy: Recent Opinions on the Biological Effects of a Traditional Korean Ingredient

Seo¹

2016

JARB

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Journal of Advanced Research in Biotechnology Open Access Review Article Introduction: Ginseng and the Ginseng berryGinseng (Panax ginseng) is a popular herbal medicine that has been used in Asia for 5,000 years [1]. Ginseng is classified as fresh, white, or red ginseng, depending on the processing method. As a traditional herb, red ginseng is known as an adaptogen that restores and improves normal well-being. The use of this herbal plant has been widespread throughout the world because of its therapeutic effects. The well-known biochemical and pharmacological effects include anti-cancer [2], anti-fatigue [3], and anti-diabetic effects [4], along with promoting the synthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins [5]. The herb is used as a tea, an extract, or raw directly from powdered root [6]. The representative bioactive compounds are widely considered to begin senosides, which are ginseng-specific saponins [7]. Currently, more than 100 naturally occurring saponins of various types and products of enzymatic conversion have been isolated from the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, berries, and seeds of ginseng. The different parts of ginseng contain distinct ginsenoside profiles, and thus, different parts probably possess different pharmacological effects [8].Recently, many health reports have recommended an increase in fruit intake as part of a healthy dietary pattern [9,10]. These reports allow for various forms of fruit, including fresh, frozen, and dried, as well as juices, and recommend fruits such as oranges, apples, bananas, grapes, raisins, and berries. Whereas berries are known as a good source of potassium or fiber, recent studies suggest that berry fruits are a rich source of many phytochemicals that have a broad spectrum of bioactivity and a positive impact on general health. Several berry fruits, including blackberries, blueberries, cranberries, raspberries, and strawberries, have recently received attention as a result of their effects in vitro and their associations with lowered risks for some chronic diseases, which were found in recent observational research [11,12]. As a perennial herb, ginseng develops flowers and fruits that bloom in its third and fourth year. Unlike the widely used ginseng root, the ginseng berry is preserved for planting and has not been used by general populations. A recent study reported that the ginseng leaf and berry have higher levels of ginsenosides than ginseng root, and their pharmacological activities have also been reported [13]. In this review, we will summarize the research on the role of dietary ginseng berries in delaying aging, as well as evidence suggesting positive biological effects to prevent age-related diseases. Ginseng Berry Bioactive Content and CompositionThe bioactive components of ginseng are triterpene glycosides or saponins, which are commonly regarded as ginsenosides. AbstractA recent effort in the development of new medications and immune modulatory agents is to search for candidates among natural products because they have relatively low toxicities in clinica...

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Anticarcinogenic Effects of Products of Heat-Processed Ginsenoside Re, a Major Constituent of Ginseng Berry, on Human Gastric Cancer Cells

Cited by 60 publications

References 22 publications

Synthesis of ginsenoside Re-based carbon dots applied for bioimaging and effective inhibition of cancer cells

Synthesis of ginsenoside Re-based carbon dots applied for bioimaging and effective inhibition of cancer cells

Ginseng Berry and its Biological Effects as a Natural Phytochemical

Ginseng Berry, a Promising Anti-Aging Strategy: Recent Opinions on the Biological Effects of a Traditional Korean Ingredient

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