Abstract:BackgroundFluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials have promising properties such as biosensing, cell imaging, tracing and drug delivery. However, carbon dots (CDs) with specific inherent biological functions have not been investigated. Ginsenosides are the components with multiple bioactivities found in plants of the genus Panax, which have attracted a lot of attention for their anticancer effect.Materials and methodsIn this study, we prepared a kind of novel photoluminescent CDs from ginsenoside Re by one-step… Show more
“…[2,3]. Owing to these properties, carbon dots (CDs) have tremendous potential to be used in a number of applications such as cell imaging and sensing [4][5][6]. Fluorescence carbon nanoparticle (CNP) shows high potential in biological labeling, bio-imaging and other different optoelectronic device application [7,8], targeted drug delivery [9,10] in cancer theranostics [11,12], and drug delivery [13].…”
The milk protein casein (Cas) has been employed as carbon resource material to synthesize nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) via microwave exposure. The dots, when exposed to UV light, produced blue fluorescence. The N-CDs were characterized by ultra violet (UV) spectroscopy, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering analysis, fluorescent microscopy (FM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD analysis revealed a broad peak at 2θ = 20°, thus indicating the turbostratic carbon phase. TEM analysis and particle size distribution curve revealed that nearly, 85% of the particles had diameter below 10 nm and the particles had spherical geometry. The HRTEM analysis revealed that carbon dots exhibited lattice fringes with a d-spacing of 0.21 nm, corresponding to the (100) plane lattice of graphite. The fluorescence spectral studies indicated a red shift in the emission peak from 420 to 450 nm as the excitation wavelength increased from 300 to 340 nm. The zeta potential of particles was found to be -11.3 mV. Finally, impregnation of N-CDs was studied in Spinacia oleracea leaf. It was observed that as the concentration of N-CDs' solution increased, percent insertion (PI) also increased, but the time required for maximal insertion decreased with increasing concentrations of N-CDs in the feed solutions. In the carbon dots' solution with a concentration of 200 ppm, maximum percent insertion (MPI) was obtained after 80 min. However, with the increasing concentration of N-CDs in the feed solutions, time of getting MPI reduced, i.e., in 600 ppm, it was 30 min, and in 800 ppm, it was 10 min.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
“…[2,3]. Owing to these properties, carbon dots (CDs) have tremendous potential to be used in a number of applications such as cell imaging and sensing [4][5][6]. Fluorescence carbon nanoparticle (CNP) shows high potential in biological labeling, bio-imaging and other different optoelectronic device application [7,8], targeted drug delivery [9,10] in cancer theranostics [11,12], and drug delivery [13].…”
The milk protein casein (Cas) has been employed as carbon resource material to synthesize nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) via microwave exposure. The dots, when exposed to UV light, produced blue fluorescence. The N-CDs were characterized by ultra violet (UV) spectroscopy, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering analysis, fluorescent microscopy (FM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The XRD analysis revealed a broad peak at 2θ = 20°, thus indicating the turbostratic carbon phase. TEM analysis and particle size distribution curve revealed that nearly, 85% of the particles had diameter below 10 nm and the particles had spherical geometry. The HRTEM analysis revealed that carbon dots exhibited lattice fringes with a d-spacing of 0.21 nm, corresponding to the (100) plane lattice of graphite. The fluorescence spectral studies indicated a red shift in the emission peak from 420 to 450 nm as the excitation wavelength increased from 300 to 340 nm. The zeta potential of particles was found to be -11.3 mV. Finally, impregnation of N-CDs was studied in Spinacia oleracea leaf. It was observed that as the concentration of N-CDs' solution increased, percent insertion (PI) also increased, but the time required for maximal insertion decreased with increasing concentrations of N-CDs in the feed solutions. In the carbon dots' solution with a concentration of 200 ppm, maximum percent insertion (MPI) was obtained after 80 min. However, with the increasing concentration of N-CDs in the feed solutions, time of getting MPI reduced, i.e., in 600 ppm, it was 30 min, and in 800 ppm, it was 10 min.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
“…Although the main reason is not clear yet, higher tolerability of non-cancerous cells, decreased or retarded cellular accumulation of CDs in healthy cells as compared to the cancerous cells have been highlighted in many recent reports to explain the enhancement of the cell proliferation of healthy cells after the CD exposure 50,81,[98][99][100] . Yao et al 101 showed that CDs specifically interact with some cellular proteins of tumor cells and downregulate the level of some proteins and the activity of enzymes that are related to tumor cell invasion ability. www.nature.com/scientificreports/ and 292.5 ± 16.36 AU (72 h) in positive control where cells were treated with H 2 O 2 (20 mM).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although the main reason is not clear yet, higher tolerability of non-cancerous cells, decreased or retarded cellular accumulation of CDs in healthy cells as compared to the cancerous cells have been highlighted in many recent reports to explain the enhancement of the cell proliferation of healthy cells after the CD exposure 50 , 81 , 98 – 100 . Yao et al 101 showed that CDs specifically interact with some cellular proteins of tumor cells and downregulate the level of some proteins and the activity of enzymes that are related to tumor cell invasion ability. Figure 4 Time-dependent changes in cell index values and the average cell index values for ( a ), ( b ) MCF7 cells, and ( c ) HDFa cells at 48 h and 72 h after the treatment with varying concentrations of CDs as compared to the negative control (medium) and positive control (water extract of Oleandrin (50 ppm).…”
While carbon-based materials have spearheaded numerous breakthroughs in biomedicine, they also have procreated many logical concerns on their overall toxicity. carbon dots (cDs) as a respectively new member have been extensively explored in nucleus directed delivery and bioimaging due to their intrinsic fluorescence properties coupled with their small size and surface properties. Although various in vitro/in vivo studies have shown that CDs are mostly biocompatible, sufficient information is lacking regarding genotoxicity of them and underlying mechanisms. This study aims to analyze the real-time cytotoxicity of super tiny CDs (2.05 ± 0.22 nm) on human breast cancer cells (MCF7) and human primary dermal fibroblast cell cultures (HDFa) by xCELLigence analysis system for further evaluating their genotoxicity and clastogenicity to evaluate the anti-tumor potential of cDs on breast adenocarcinoma. As combined with flow cytometry studies, comet assay and cytokinesisblock micronucleus assay suggest that the CDs can penetrate to the cell nuclei, interact with the genetic material, and explode DNA damage and G0/G1 phase arrest in cancer cells even at very low concentrations (0.025 ppm) which provide a strong foundation for the design of potentially promising cD-based functional nanomaterials for DnA-damage induced treatment in cancer therapy. Functional nanomaterials that can better target cancer cells that will improve prevention and therapy could be accomplished by the combined efforts of nanotoxicologists, cancer biologists and nanobiomaterial scientists focused on toxicology and related cancer therapy. Engineering carbon-based nanomaterials and their applications are among the most dynamic fields in modern advanced materials science and engineering 1-3. To date, various carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes 4,5 , fullerenes 6 , graphene 7,8 , graphene oxides 9 , carbon diamonds 10,11 , and carbon dots 12,13 have been synthesized and reported by various researchers. Among these, CDs have become particularly interesting because of their unique physical and chemical properties such as thermal and electrical conductivity, high mechanical strength together with their unique optic and fluorescence features 14-16. They have been used in bio-imaging, drug delivery, nucleus targeting, and labeling, photodynamic therapy, optoelectronics, solar cells, photocatalyst design, photodetectors, and many other biological and engineering fields 17-26. Several methods are available for the synthesis of CDs, namely, laser ablation 15 , electro-oxidation 27 or oxidative acid treatment 12 ; while nowadays, less laborsome and cheaper methods such as hydrothermal 28 and thermal synthesis 24,29,30 , microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis 31 , ultrasound synthesis 32 , etc. are popularly exercised. CDs can be synthesized either from inorganic materials 19,33 such as graphene 34 , carbon black 35 , and candle soot 12
“…P. ginseng and Aconiti Lateralis Radix are widely used in traditional medicine [25] in many Asian countries such as China, Japan, India, and Korea. P. ginseng , which displays immune enhancement [26], anticancer [27], anti-inflammatory [28], and antioxidant activities [29], can increase the efficacy of Aconiti Lateralis Radix [3, 25, 30].…”
Objectives To investigate whether Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) could affect the metabolism of Diester Alkaloids (DAs) derived from Aconiti Lateralis Radix in vivo. Methods and Results 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized for 7-day treatment with P. ginseng (low, middle, and high), or vehicle. Aconiti Lateralis Radix was administered orally to each group on the 8th day. Plasma samples were collected, and Xevo TQ-S was used to detect the concentration of aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine in plasma. We describe a fast and reproducible method to detect the concentration of aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine in plasma. Compared to the control group, the AUC(0-t) of three DAs increased in both the middle and high dosing groups. The Vz/F of three DAs in these groups as well as the CLz/F of aconitine in all P. ginseng groups and the CLz/F of mesaconitine and hypaconitine in P. ginseng middle and high groups were decreased compared to the control group. Conclusion Orally administrated P. ginseng potentially inhibits the metabolism of DAs from Aconiti Lateralis Radix in rats.
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