Anticipations, Brains, Individual and Social Behavior: An Introduction to Anticipatory Systems

Abstract

Abstract. Research on anticipatory behavior in adaptive learning systems continues to gain more recognition and appreciation in various research disciplines. This book provides an overarching view on anticipatory mechanisms in cognition, learning, and behavior. It connects the knowledge from cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and linguistics with that of artificial intelligence, machine learning, cognitive robotics, and others. This introduction offers an overview over the contributions in this volume highlighting their interconnections and interrelations from an anticipatory behavior perspective. We first clarify the main foci of anticipatory behavior research. Next, we present a taxonomy of how anticipatory mechanisms may be beneficially applied in cognitive systems. With relation to the taxonomy, we then give an overview over the book contributions. The first chapters provide surveys on currently known anticipatory brain mechanisms, anticipatory mechanisms in increasingly complex natural languages, and an intriguing challenge for artificial cognitive systems. Next, conceptualizations of anticipatory processes inspired by cognitive mechanisms are provided. Subsequent chapters address predictive challenges in vision and the processing of event correlations over time. Next, anticipatory mechanisms in individual decision making and behavioral execution are studied. Finally, the book offers systems and conceptualizations of anticipatory processes involved in social interaction.

Modeling of Cognitive Evolution as a Perspective Direction of Investigations on the Border of Biology and Mathematics

“…В последнее время активно развиваются исследования антиципаторного поведения, при котором животные предвидят будущие ситуации и используют это предвидение при организации адаптивного поведения [30].…”

“…Сопоставляя пункты контуров программы с отмеченными работами [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], можно заключить, что уже имеются отдельные элементы, соответствующие каждому из пунктов. Образно говоря, у нас уже есть некоторые небольшие фрагменты картины, но мы еще не видим всей картины.…”

Mathematical modeling of the prediction mechanism of sensory processing in the context of a Bayes filter

“…The shaded circles show the control value u t and the actually measured sensor value z t . Following the prediction step in the Bayes filter, we can calculate the belief regarding the predicted state X t from X t−1 and u t by equation (1). Based on this state value X t , we can predict the sensor valuez t using the knowledge of the environment in which the robot resides.…”

“…In human perception, the results of the prediction of future consequences serve as reference signals that can be used in perceptual processing to avoid system instabilities due to delayed or missing sensory feedback [1]. As future information can be predicted and thus be made available before actual sensory information arrives, system control and stability can be optimized by incorporating predicted feedback information.…”

Effects of Anticipation in Individually Motivated Behaviour on Survival and Control in a Multi-Agent Scenario with Resource Constraints

“…Anticipation is not restricted to mammals [2] and allows living beings to adapt to an ecological niche, i.e., to environmental constraints that affect survival. Recent experimental evidence [3,4] not only suggests that anticipatory behaviour dramatically enhances the chances of survival [2,5,6], but also identifies it as key to increasingly complex cognitive functions, ranging from short-term sensorimotor interaction to higher-level social abilities [7]. It requires the individual to learn and maintain internal predictive models to forecast changes in the environment, as well as the impact of its own actions [8].…”