Anticipatory postural adjustments to arm movement reveal complex control of paraspinal muscles in the thorax

The Role of Electromyography (EMG) in the Study of Anticipatory Postural Adjustments

“…In most studies, however, muscle activity is considered anticipatory only when it occurs within a specified period of time -referred to as the APA timing-window (Allison, 2003). In studies on APAs resulting from self-induced postural perturbations, the APA timingwindow has been established in reference to one of two events; 1) the onset of the focal movement (Aruin & Latash, 1995;Bleuse et al, 2006;Girolami et al, 2010;Mochizuki et al, 2004;Schmitz et al, 2002;van Dieën & de Looze, 1999), or 2) the onset of muscle activity in the prime mover (agonist) of the focal movement (De Wolf et al, 1998;Fujiwara et al, 2003;Jacobs et al, 2009;Kanekar et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2009;Mannion et al, 2008;Mezaour et al, 2010;Morris & Allison, 2006;Strang et al, 2007;Strang et al, 2008;Tsao & Hodges, 2007;Tsao & Hodges, 2008;van der Fits et al, 1999;van der Heide et al, 2003;Yiou et al, 2009). A common example of the latter reference event is the onset of anterior deltoid muscle activity during forward arm-raising (e.g., Fujiwara et al, 2003;Morrison & Allison, 2006;Nana-Ibrahim et al, 2008;Strang & Berg, 2007;Tsao & Hodges, 2007;Vuillerme et al, 2002).…”

“…Researchers have relied on measures such as EMG integral (Aruin & Latash, 1995a, 1995bFujiwara et al, 2003;Strang & Berg, 2007), EMG Root Mean Square (RMS) amplitude (Lee et al, 2009;Tsao & Hodges, 2007), and EMG mean amplitude (van Dieën & de Looze, 1999;Van der Fits et al, 1999;van der Heide et al, 2003) to quantify the magnitude of muscle activity associated with APAs. In the following section, the nuances in the computations, interpretations, and applications of these measures are reviewed, along with a brief discussion of the EMG-force relationship within the context of APAs.…”

The postural response of the pelvic floor muscles during limb movements: A methodological electromyography study in parous women without lumbopelvic pain

“…However, there is no standard method described in the literature for how to determine EMG onsets. Both visual (Hodges et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2009;Smith et al, 2007a) and computerbased methods (Hodges and Richardson, 1997b;Marshall and Murphy, 2003) are used. Hodges and Bui (1996) evaluated different combinations of computer-based parameters: (a) width of window of samples required to exceed threshold (ms), (b) the magnitude of the deviation from the baseline required to indicate the threshold (SD), and (c) low pass filter (Hz).…”

Análise do Comportamento Eletromiográfico dos Músculos Estabilizadores Primários e a Relação com a Capacidade Física Funcional de Indivíduos Assintomáticos

“…É considerado como pré-ativação qualquer início de atividade dos músculos do tronco que ocorre 100ms antes ou até 50ms após a atividade do deltóide para o movimento do membro superior, aceito por vários pesquisadores (1,3,5,6,7,8,9) .…”