the results of this study provide insight into the circumstances and consequences of falls among independent community-dwelling older adults and suggest some possible ways of preventing falls. Preventive services, however, should not solely target recurrent fallers, nor should the type of services necessarily differ for one-time and recurrent fallers.

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Background:The purpose of this study was to assess participants’ ability to perform tasks requiring attention, short term memory, and simple motor skill while sitting, standing or walking at an active workstation.Methods:Fifty participants completed the Stroop Color Word test (SCWT), Auditory Consonant Trigram test (ACTT), and Digital Finger Tapping test (DFTT) while sitting, standing and walking 1.6 km/h at an active workstation.Results:A significant difference was found for DFTT, but no differences across conditions were found on ACTT or SCWT. Examination of the linear contrasts and post hoc means comparison tests revealed significant differences in DFTT scores between sitting and walking (t = 2.39 (49) P < .02) and standing and walking (t = 2.28 (49) P < .03). These results indicate that adding the walking task to the ACTT and SCWT conditions results in no decrement in performance on these tasks. Conversely, adding the walking task to the DFTT condition results in reduced performance on the DFTT task.Conclusions:These results further support the potential of active workstations to increase physical activity in the workplace without compromising cognitive capabilities.

This study expanded the database regarding the visual regulation of gait in the long jump approach (LJA) in the direction of novice long jumpers. It showed that the pattern of visual influence on gait adjustments was similar for novices and experts. This was taken to indicate that visual regulation of gait in the LJA is not a specially trained skill as much as it is a natural means of controlling gait. The study also showed that novices' step lengths were regulated principally by modifying vertical impulse. This finding replicated that of an influential study by D. N. Lee, J. R. Lishman, and J. A. Thomson (1982). Results are discussed with respect to the prevailing ecological notion that the optical variable tau provides principal informational support for regulation of gait in the LJA.

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