Anticoccidial and immunogenic effectivity of encapsulated organic acids and anticoccidial drugs in broilers infected with Eimeria spp.

Abstract

The study was conducted to consider the anticoccidial and immunogenic effectivities of encapsulated organic acids and anticoccidial drugs in broilers reared on a reused litter infected with Eimeria spp. for simulating in-field exposure to avian coccidiosis. 525 mixed-sex one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a 2 × 3 factorial experiment as a completely randomized design with seven experimental groups and five replicates of 15 chicks. The seven experimental groups were included: negative (uninfected; T1) and positive (infected; T2) control groups fed a diet without additive, and other infected groups (T3–T7) fed diets supplemented with 0.05% maduramicin, 0.02% diclazuril, 0.1% EOAs, 0.05% maduramicin and 0.1% EOAs, 0.02% diclazuril and 0.1% EOAs. During the experimental period, the evaluated parameters were European production efficiency factor (EPEF; at 22 days of age (d)), oocyst output per gram feces (OPG; at different ages), oocyst reduction rate (ORR; at 22-d), survival rate (SR; at 22-d), caecal lesion score (CLS at 22-d), sporulation percentage (SP; by in vitro anticoccidial tests), bloody diarrhea (BD; by scoring the bloody feces each morning from 13 to 31-d), immunity (humoral test at 28 and 35-d and cell-mediated test at 22-d), goblet cells analysis of the jejunum (GC; at 22-d) and anti-coccidiosis index (ACI; at 22-d). EOAs and anticoccidials, especially their simultaneous feeding improved (P < 0.05) broiler’s EPEF, SR, OPG, ORR, SP, CLS, immunity and BD (scored). ACI was improved (P < 0.05) by EOAs more than anticoccidials (marked vs. moderate). The highest ACI was significantly observed in EOAs + diclazuril group. EOAs as a safe alternative had more intensive anticoccidial and immunogenic properties and increased the anticoccidial drugs’ effectiveness, especially diclazuril in Eimeria spp-infected broilers.

Efficacy and Optimal Feeding Level of Rumex Nervosus Leaves on Blood Biochemistry, Carcass Characteristics, Productivity Indices, and Anticoccidial Indicators of Broiler Chickens Infected or Not Infected with Eimeria Tenella

“…We believe that RNL can be considered nontoxic at the dose ranges used. Consistent with previous findings (Ashraf et al, 2020;Lahlou et al, 2021;Nouri, 2022), the natural product and an anticoccidial such as salinomycin significantly had mild to marked anticoccidial efficacy, including suppression of oocysts in feces, reduction of lesion levels in the cecum, and increase in anticoccidial efficacy. Amprolium, a thiamine antagonist with a high affinity for maturing first-generation schizonts, was tested (McDougald et al, 1997).…”

“…After oocyte collection, the species of Eimeria isolates were validated by amplification of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) partial area and sequence analysis. To evaluate the efficacy or anticoccidial index (ACI) of RNL powder in each group, relative weight gain, survival rate, Oocysts value, and lesion scores were calculated as anticoccidial indicators according to the formula described by Nouri (2022). Briefly, an ACI value below 120 was evaluated as inactive anticoccidial effect, 120 to 140 as mild or slight, 140 to 160 as moderate, 160 to 180 as marked and above 180 as excellent.…”

The ratios of dietary non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) to neutral detergent fiber (NDF) influence intestinal immunity of rabbits by regulating gut microbiota composition and metabolites

“…The organic acids regulate the macrophage activities in the intestine and may contribute to intestinal immune and barrier functions (Nouri, 2022 ). The cecum microorganisms of rabbits can produce VFA by fermenting cellulose and other components (Makki et al, 2018 ), and then, VFA can be quickly absorbed by the hindgut, providing 40% of the maintenance energy for rabbits (Read et al, 2019 ).…”