Anticoccidial effectivity of a traditional medicinal plant, Cinnamomum verum, in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria tenella

Qaid, Mohammed M.; Al-Mufarrej, Saud I.; Azzam, Mahmoud M.; Al-Garadi, Maged A.

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.071

Cited by 37 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Our previous study [ 23 ] described the source of Eimeria tenella ( E. tenella ) oocysts, the sporulation of unsporulated oocysts, the identification, passage, and propagation of sporulated oocysts, and the inoculation procedure. All birds, with the exception of NC, were administered 1 mL of double distilled water containing 4 × 10 4 /100 µL/bird of live sporulated oocysts of E. tenella at 21 days of age, according to previous research [ 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All birds, with the exception of NC, were administered 1 mL of double distilled water containing 4 × 10 4 /100 µL/bird of live sporulated oocysts of E. tenella at 21 days of age, according to previous research [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. The authors choose the 7 dpi for anticoccidial indices (data published in [ 23 ]). Thus, this study is an extension of the same broiler batch experiment in which the anticoccidial indicators of CBP evaluation, namely the number of fecal oocysts, survival rate, bloody diarrhea, and lesion scores, were included.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Cinnamon Bark Affects Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Breast Meat Quality in Broiler Infected with Eimeria tenella Oocysts

Qaid

Al-Mufarrej

Azzam

et al. 2022

Animals

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A total of 150 broiler chicks were used to determine the impact of dietary cinnamon bark powder (CBP; Cinnamomum verum) on breast meat quality, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of birds under coccidiosis, as one of the protozoan parasitic diseases. A total of 5 replicates of birds received 1 of the following 6 groups for 34 days: control groups (1 and 2) received a basal diet without the addition of CBP or salinomycin; group 3 received a basal diet with 0.066 g salinomycin; groups 4–6 were given a basal diet supplemented with 2, 4, and 6 g CBP/kg feed, respectively. On day 21, 4 × 104/100 µL of Eimeria tenella oocysts/bird were challenged, except for the negative control (NC). At the end of the experimental trial, five birds/group were sampled for carcass characteristics and breast attributes. Overall, emeriosis negatively affects slaughter body mass, carcass yield, and the majority of carcass characteristics in birds, and cinnamon can mitigate these effects. Cinnamon groups, particularly at the 2 g level, alleviated the negative effect on performance caused by coccidia infestation to the same or greater extent as the negative control and salinomycin treatment groups. Furthermore, when compared with the other experimental groups, the addition of cinnamon improved some physicochemical properties with some affecting meat quality, such as decreasing MFI and increasing toughness in cinnamon-treated groups. In summary, it can be concluded that CBP can enhance the shelf life, carcass, and quality of birds’ meat by maximizing the productive performance efficiency and breast meat productivity of birds under coccidiosis infestation. Further research is required to investigate the use of cinnamon to optimize the quality of meat and the productivity of both healthy and diseased broilers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Cinnamon Bark Affects Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Breast Meat Quality in Broiler Infected with Eimeria tenella Oocysts

Qaid

Al-Mufarrej

Azzam

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…The total oocyst output per bird from feces and cecum was used to calculate the protection rate by the formula Protection rate (%) = (oocyst output of infected/unmedicated control group-oocyst output of healthy control or medicated groups) ÷ (oocyst output of infected/unmedicated control group) × 100 (14,33,34).…”

Section: Anticoccidial Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing the development of drug-resistant coccidial species has stimulated the search for alternative control methods or new drugs, and this has become a top priority for the poultry industry (11)(12)(13). One alternative is the use of live virulent or attenuated vaccines or recombinant vaccines (14)(15)(16). However, live vaccines, particularly virulent ones, may have short-term adverse effects on chicken growth rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticoccidial Activity of Qinghao Powder Against Eimeria tenella in Broiler Chickens

et al. 2021

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Artemisia annua (AAH) is traditionally used as an anti-malarial, expectorant and antipyretic Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to explore the therapeutic effect of Qinghao Powder (QHP) on chicken coccidiosis, evaluate the safe dosage of QHP, and provide test basis for clinical medication. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were used to detect artemisinin in Qinghao Powder (QHP) for quality control. The level of artemisinin in QHP was 81.03 mg/g. A total of 210 chicks (14 days of age) were divided randomly into seven groups: three QHP treatments (0.15, 0.30, and 0.60 g/kg), a toltrazuril control (1.00 mL/L), a sulfachloropyrazine sodium control (SSC, 0.30 g/L), an E. tenella-infected control, and a healthy control group. All the groups were inoculated orally with 7 × 104E. tenella oocysts except for the healthy control group. After seven days of administration, compared with the infected control group, chicks which were administered QHP, SS, and toltrazuril showed less bloody feces, oocyst output, and cecal lesions, and the protection rates were improved. The maximum rBWG and ACI were found in the SS-medicated group, followed by the groups medicated with 0.60 and 0.30 g/kg QHP. Therefore, a 0.30 g/kg dose level of QHP in the feed was selected as the recommend dose (RD) in the target animal safety test, in which 80 broiler chicks (14 days of age) were randomly divided into four major groups (I-healthy control group; II-1× RD; III-3× RD; IV-6× RD), with each group subdivided into two subgroups (A and B) consisting of 10 chicks each. After 7-day (for sub-group A) or 14-day (for sub-group B) administration, compared with the healthy control, treatment-related changes in BWG, feed conversion ratio (FCR), relative organ weight (ROW) of the liver, WBC counts, and levels of RBC, HGB, ALT, AST, and TBIL were detected in the 3× and 6× RD groups. No differences were noted in necropsy for all doses, and histopathological examinations exhibited no QHP-associated signs of toxicity or abnormalities in the liver or kidney. The findings suggest that QHP at a dose of 0.30 g/kg feed would be appropriate for therapy and intermittent treatment of E. tenella-infected chicks, the dosage in clinical applications should be set according to the recommended dose to ensure animal safety.

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“…Resultingly, attenuated vaccines with reduced pathogenicity have been developed, however, these are costly to produce [ 6 ]. Consequently, the use of phytogenics and herbals is an alternative strategy for the safe and effective control of coccidiosis [ 7 , 8 ]. These are natural products that have medicinal properties against Eimeria parasites and have not been associated with the development of antimicrobial resistance [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broiler responses to dietary 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid and oregano extracts under Eimeria challenge conditions

Cho¹,

Jeon²,

Cho³

et al. 2021

J Anim Sci Technol

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This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a combination 3, 4, 5trihydroxybenzoic acid (THB) and oregano extracts (i.e., Carvacrol and Thymol) at intake/dietary different levels on growth performance, intestinal health indicators, immune responses and fecal oocyst shedding in broiler chickens under Eimeria challenged condition.A total of 336 one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to one of six dietary treatments with seven replications per treatment. Dietary treatments were: i) Non-challenged bird without any dietary treatment (NCNT), ii) Challenged bird without any dietary treatment (CNT), iii) Challenged birds fed a THB diet (0.1 g/kg, THB), iv) Challenged birds fed a combination of THB and oregano extracts diet (0.1 g/kg, COM 100), and a gradual increase of combination of THB and oregano extracts likely v) 0.15 g/kg (COM 150), and 0.2 g/kg (COM 200). On day 14, all groups except for NCNT have orally challenged with a 10-fold dose of Livacox ® T anticoccidial vaccine to trigger coccidiosis. The results indicated that Eimeria-challenged broilers fed COM 100 and COM 200 diets increased (P < 0.05) body weight (BW) than CNT diet on day 35. Furthermore, birds fed COM 100 and COM 200 diets increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain compared to those fed CNT diets for the entire experimental period. There is no significant (P > 0.05) in average daily feed intake, feed efficiency between NCNT and birds fed with combined THB and oregano extracts for the entire experimental period. A combination of THB and oregano extract regardless of concentration levels or THB alone reduced (P < 0.05) lesion score in ileum compared to the CNT diet for 7 days post-infection (dpi). Birds fed COM 100 diet had lower (P < 0.05) intestinal lesion scores in jejunum and caeca on 7 dpi compared to those were in the CNT diet. No (P > 0.05) difference was observed in the oocysts per gram of feces (OPG) count, intestinal morphology, carcass traits and blood cytokine concentration among the infected treatments. Collectively, we conclude that birds fed A C C E T E Dwith a combination of THB and oregano extracts regardless of the ratios that were used demonstrated better recovery of health after the coccidial challenge than using only THB alone.

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Anticoccidial effectivity of a traditional medicinal plant, Cinnamomum verum, in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria tenella

Cited by 37 publications

References 27 publications

Dietary Cinnamon Bark Affects Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Breast Meat Quality in Broiler Infected with Eimeria tenella Oocysts

Dietary Cinnamon Bark Affects Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Breast Meat Quality in Broiler Infected with Eimeria tenella Oocysts

Anticoccidial Activity of Qinghao Powder Against Eimeria tenella in Broiler Chickens

Broiler responses to dietary 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid and oregano extracts under Eimeria challenge conditions

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