Antidepressant-like effects of a cocoa polyphenolic extract in Wistar–Unilever rats

Messaoudi, Michaël; Bisson, Jean‐François; Nejdi, Amine; Rozan, Pascale; Javelot, Hervé

doi:10.1179/147683008x344165

Cited by 50 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Locomotor activity in the OF was unaffected in those rats [66]. Two-week cocoa polyphenolic extract treatment had an antidepressant-like effect in Wistar-Unilever rats subjected to a forced-swim test without accompanying changes in locomotion in the OF [67]. In adult C57BL/6 mice, Epi had an anxiolytic effect as represented by an elevated ratio of distance traveled and time spent in the central zone of the OF compared to periphery [68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(−)‐Epicatechin Prevents Blood Pressure Increase and Reduces Locomotor Hyperactivity in Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Kluknavsky

Bališ

Púzserová

et al. 2016

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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This study investigated the effects of subchronic (−)-epicatechin (Epi) treatment on locomotor activity and hypertension development in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Epi was administered in drinking water (100 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. Epi significantly prevented the development of hypertension (138 ± 2 versus 169 ± 5 mmHg, p < 0.001) and reduced total distance traveled in the open-field test (22 ± 2 versus 35 ± 4 m, p < 0.01). In blood, Epi significantly enhanced erythrocyte deformability, increased total antioxidant capacity, and decreased nitrotyrosine concentration. In the aorta, Epi significantly increased nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) activity and elevated the NO-dependent vasorelaxation. In the left heart ventricle, Epi increased NOS activity without altering gene expressions of nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS. Moreover, Epi reduced superoxide production in the left heart ventricle and the aorta. In the brain, Epi increased nNOS gene expression (in the brainstem and cerebellum) and eNOS expression (in the cerebellum) but had no effect on overall NOS activity. In conclusion, Epi prevented the development of hypertension and reduced locomotor hyperactivity in young SHR. These effects resulted from improved cardiovascular NO bioavailability concurrently with increased erythrocyte deformability, without changes in NO production in the brain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(−)‐Epicatechin Prevents Blood Pressure Increase and Reduces Locomotor Hyperactivity in Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Kluknavsky

Bališ

Púzserová

et al. 2016

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…First, depression could stimulate chocolate cravings as “self-treatment” if chocolate confers mood benefits, as has been suggested in recent studies of rats. 18 Second, depression may stimulate chocolate cravings for unrelated reasons, without a treatment benefit of chocolate (in our sample, if there is a “treatment benefit,” it did not suffice to overcome the depressed mood on average). Third, from cross-sectional data the possibility that chocolate could causally contribute to depressed mood, driving the association, cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 83%

Mood Food

Rose¹

2010

Arch Intern Med

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Background Much lore but few studies describe a relation of chocolate to mood. We examined the cross-sectional relationship of chocolate consumption with depressed mood in adult men and women. Methods A sample of 1018 adults (694 men and 324 women) from San Diego, California, without diabetes or known coronary artery disease was studied in a cross-sectional analysis. The 931 subjects who were not using antidepressant medications and provided chocolate consumption information were the focus of the analysis. Mood was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Cut points signaling a positive depression screen result (CES-D score, ≥16) and probable major depression (CES-D score, ≥22) were used. Chocolate servings per week were provided by 1009 subjects. Chocolate consumption frequency and rate data from the Fred Hutchinson Food Frequency Questionnaire were also available for 839 subjects. Chocolate consumption was compared for those with lower vs higher CES-D scores. In addition, a test of trend was performed. Results Those screening positive for possible depression (CES-D score ≥16) had higher chocolate consumption (8.4 servings per month) than those not screening positive (5.4 servings per month) (P = .004); those with still higher CES-D scores (≥22) had still higher chocolate consumption (11.8 servings per month) (P value for trend, <.01). These associations extended to both men and women. These findings did not appear to be explained by a general increase in fat, carbohydrate, or energy intake. Conclusion Higher CES-D depression scores were associated with greater chocolate consumption. Whether there is a causal connection, and if so in which direction, is a matter for future prospective study.

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“…Moreover, omega-3 fatty acid concentrations are lower in patients with depression [68], and its supplementation has even emerged as a potential treatment for depression [30,42]. Likewise, the intake of flavonoids is positively correlated with cognitive function [119] and mood [78]. Although these studies emphasize an important role of diet on mental health, further work is necessary to determine the mechanisms underlying these behavioural effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of diet on adult hippocampal neurogenesis

2009

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Research over the last 5 years has firmly established that learning and memory abilities, as well as mood, can be influenced by diet, although the mechanisms by which diet modulates mental health are not well understood. One of the brain structures associated with learning and memory, as well as mood, is the hippocampus. Interestingly, the hippocampus is one of the two structures in the adult brain where the formation of newborn neurons, or neurogenesis, persists. The level of neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus has been linked directly to cognition and mood. Therefore, modulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) by diet emerges as a possible mechanism by which nutrition impacts on mental health. In this study, we give an overview of the mechanisms and functional implications of AHN and summarize recent findings regarding the modulation of AHN by diet.

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Antidepressant-like effects of a cocoa polyphenolic extract in Wistar–Unilever rats

Cited by 50 publications

References 78 publications

(−)‐Epicatechin Prevents Blood Pressure Increase and Reduces Locomotor Hyperactivity in Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

(−)‐Epicatechin Prevents Blood Pressure Increase and Reduces Locomotor Hyperactivity in Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Mood Food

Impact of diet on adult hippocampal neurogenesis

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