Antidepressant potential of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moieties: An updated review

Abstract

Depression is currently the fourth leading cause of disease or disability worldwide. Antidepressant is approved for the treatment of major depression (including paediatric depression), obsessive-compulsive disorder (in both adult and paediatric populations), bulimia nervosa, panic disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Antidepressant is a psychiatric medication used to alleviate mood disorders, such as major depression and dysthymia and anxiety disorders such as social anxiety disorder. Many drugs produce an antidepressant effect, but restrictions on their use have caused controversy and off-label prescription a risk, despite claims of superior efficacy. Our current understanding of its pathogenesis is limited and existing treatments are inadequate, providing relief to only a subset of people suffering from depression. Reviews of literature suggest that heterocyclic moieties and their derivatives has proven success in treating depression.

Lactobacillus paracasei Supplementation Prevents Early Life Stress-Induced Anxiety and Depressive-Like Behavior in Maternal Separation Model-Possible Involvement of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Differential Regulation of MicroRNA124a/132 and Glutamate Receptors

“…Similarly, another metabolite 2-piperidine carboxylic acid was significantly low in the stressed group, while probiotic supplementation reverses the stress-induced effect. 2-piperidine carboxylic acid may act as a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor and lead to anxiolytic and antidepressant activity in individuals in the stressed group ( Siddiqui et al, 2011 ), in contrast to its action on NMDA neurotransmission elicited depressive behavior ( Sagratella et al, 1992 ). Furthermore, Lactobacillus supplementation in the stressed group restored the depleted metabolites ( Stefanovic et al, 2017 ; Ming et al, 2018 ) to basel level, then ameliorated anxiety and depressive behavior.…”

Mechanism of action of novel piperazine containing compound toxicant against human liver cancer cells

“…Discovery of potent drugs targeting apoptosis signal transduction are warranted to ameliorate clinical consequences in cancer therapy ( Ahmed & Van Etten, 2013 ). Piperazines are nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds and constitute the functional group in several drug backbones which enable them to display a broad range of biological activities such as oxidation and anti-inflammation ( Asif, 2015 ; Siddiqui et al, 2011 ). These agents possess a flexible binding feature with a general binding motif which offers potent and selective ligands for a variety of biological targets ( Berkheij et al, 2005 ).…”

Design, synthesis and antimicrobial activities of novel 1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione derivatives containing a 1,3,4-thiadiazole group

“…1,3,4-Thiadiazole derivatives attracted great attention from biochemists due to their various bioactivities including antibacterial (Zhong et al, 2017), antifungal (Chen, Li & Han, 2000), insecticidal (Luo & Yang, 2007), antiviral (Chen et al, 2010), herbicidal (Cummings, 2009), anticancer (Casey et al, 2004), anti-tubercular (Foroumadi, Kiani & Soltani, 2003), antiparasitic (Coura & De Castro, 2002), antidepressant (Siddiqui et al, 2011), antioxidant (Khan et al, 2010) and anti-inflammatory (Kumar et al, 2008) activities. Among the above biological activities, the remarkable antimicrobial activity of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives were well reported during the past decades.…”