Antidepression of Xingpijieyu formula targets gut microbiota derived from depressive disorder

Abstract

Objective This investigation aims to determine the antidepressant role of Xingpijieyu formula (XPJYF) mediated via gut microbiota (GM)–brain axis. Methods We collected fecal microbiota from patients with depressive disorder (DD) and cultured microbiota in vitro. Some of microbiota were transplanted into germ‐free rats with the intragastric administration of XPJYF grain at the dose of 1.533 g/kg/day. The behaviors were studied by forced swimming test, open field test, sucrose preference test, and body weight. Products of hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis, neurotransmitter, and serum cytokines were investigated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a biomarker of astrocyte, was quantified using immunofluorescence. Microbiota culturing in vitro after XPJYF treatment was analyze by 16 s RNA sequencing technology. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic activated rat primary astrocyte in vitro. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cytokines, and oxidative stress factors were determined by western blotting, and glycometabolism in astrocyte was investigated by 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2‐DG) uptake, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and glucose‐1‐phosphate (G1P) kits. Results Microbiota composition during 8 mg/ml of XPJYF (H12‐8) for 12 h showed the more consistency. Lactococcus is enriched in DD‐derived microbiota composition, and Biffdobacterium and Lactobacillus in H12‐8 group. GLUCOSE1PMETAB‐PWY and PWY‐7328 of which biofunctions were dominantly encoded by Biffdobacterium were the top two of altered pathways. XPJYF improved behaviors and repressed astrocyte activation in depression rats. XPJYF elevated 2‐DG uptake, ATP, glucose‐1‐phosphate, and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and inhibited cytokines and oxidative stress in LPS‐induced astrocyte. Conclusion XPJYF treatment targets inflammation, activation, and glycometabolim in astrocyte via gut microbiota modulation, thereby improve animal behaviors, HPA axis dysfunction, and neurotransmitter synthesis in depression rats.

Increased vigorous exercise and decreased sedentary activities are associated with decreased depressive symptoms in United States adults: Analysis of The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020

“…According to case reports from clinical studies, exercise therapy may also be effective for patients with anxiety neurosis, panic disorder, and clinical depression 33–37 . The strong correlation between increased exercise and decreased depression has been attributed to a number of developmental, neurobiological, and psychological hypotheses: Physical activity may increase a person's resilience to stress‐related mental disorders by triggering a chain reaction of neurotransmitters 33–40 …”

“… 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 The strong correlation between increased exercise and decreased depression has been attributed to a number of developmental, neurobiological, and psychological hypotheses: Physical activity may increase a person's resilience to stress‐related mental disorders by triggering a chain reaction of neurotransmitters. 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 …”

Probiotic Bactolac Provides Antidepressant Effect by Increasing BDNF level and Reducing NLRP3 and MC4R Expression Levels, Neuron Damage, Glial Activity and Depression-Like Behaviors in Rats

“…The SPT was modi ed and based on previous study, [23,40]: Before starting the sucrose preference test, all experimental animals were subjected to sucrose water training for 2 weeks. 500 ml of 1% sucrose water was prepared.…”

“…Although there are numerous clinical and preclinical studies, the pathophysiology of depression has not been fully elucidated. This is because the factors that lead to depression are highly diverse [21][22][23]. The pathophysiology of depression is being tried to be elucidated with hypotheses such as the biogenic monoamine hypothesis (serotonergic system, dopaminergic system, noradrenergic system), neurotrophic hypothesis, gut-brain axis dysfunction hypothesis and in ammation hypothesis, as well as genetic predisposition and environmental interaction.…”

The Impact of Early-Life Cecal Microbiota Transplantation on Social Stress and Injurious Behaviors in Egg-Laying Chickens

“…Maintaining gut microbiota balance and health is essential for animals (including chickens) to maintain their optimal physiological and behavioral functions of growth, reproduction, and welfare. In humans, various psychological (emotional and mental overstimulation) and/or physical (environmental conditions) stressors alter gut microbiota diversity, composition, or both and increase the inability to maintain a healthy gut microbial profile, leading to neuropsychiatric disorders [65][66][67][68][69][70][71]. Targeting the intestinal microbiota with the goal of restoring its balance has been recognized as a novel therapeutic option for patients with neuropsychiatric disorders [72][73][74].…”