Antidiabetic and Antilipidemic Activity of Root Extracts of Salacia oblonga against Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Salacia oblonga is used to treat diabetes, hypocholesteremia, gonorrhea, rheumatism, asthma, inflammation, oxidative stress, etc. In the present study, the antidiabetic activity of S. oblonga methanolic root extracts collected from three geographical locations, viz., Eleshwaram (Andhra Pradesh), Thoothukudi (Tamil Nadu), and Karwar (Karnataka), was studied in vitro. Among the three extracts, S. oblonga root extracts from Eleshwaram showed maximum α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities, indicating better antidiabetic activity. Acute toxicity studies of S. oblonga carried out in Albino Wistar rats showed no toxicity. Further, in vivo studies showed antidiabetic and antilipidemic activities in Albino Wistar rats with induced type II diabetes mellitus. Type II diabetes mellitus was induced in the experimental rats by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide and streptozotocin. The rats were orally fed different doses (ranging from 0 to 400 mg/kg body weight) of S. oblonga root extracts from Eleshwaram for 14 days. Blood glucose, lipid, bilirubin, and creatinine levels were analyzed on day 0, 7, and 14. The S. oblonga root extract from Eleshwaram decreased the glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner as well as the lipid, creatinine, and bilirubin levels in diabetic rats. Thus, the present study demonstrates antidiabetic and antilipidemic properties of S. oblonga root extracts.

Polyphenols of Frangula alnus and Peganum harmala Leaves and Associated Biological Activities

“…However, the current investigation is the first report studying the cytotoxic activities of cynaroside against HeLa, as well as other, cancer cells. Protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid) has anticancer effects against known cancer cells [ 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

Environmentally benign silver bio-nanomaterials as potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic agents: Green synthesis using Salacia oblonga root extract

“…Nanoscience is garnering a lot of interest as a new branch of research that deals with the production of nanoparticles and nanomaterials for use in a variety of sectors such as electrochemistry, catalysis, pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, food technology, sensors, and cosmetics, among others (Bouafia et al, 2021). Many medicinal plants such as Berberis vulgaris (Deepak et al, 2020), Ipomoea carnea Jacq. (Singh and Navneet, 2021), Tectona grandis (Rautela et al, 2019), Azadirachta indica (Ahmed et al, 2016), Salvia spinosa (Pirtarighat et al, 2018), and Astragalus tribuloides Delile (Sharifi-Rad et al, 2020) have been explored for the Phyto-fabrication of AgNPs.…”

“…Silver is inert and, while it is not ionized, when it comes into contact with moisture, it produces silver ions. When interacting with nucleic acids, Ag + ions prefer to engage with their nucleosides rather than with their phosphate groups, forming complexes with them (Deepak et al, 2020;Salayová et al, 2021).…”

“…α-glycosidase converts carbohydrates into glucose. The principal use of SO is in diabetes research; S. oblonga root (SOR) extract binds to the enzymes of the intestine accountable for the breakdown of carbohydrates in the body (Deepak et al, 2020). α -glycosidase enzymes convert carbohydrates to glucose, a sugar that circulates throughout the body.…”

“…α -glycosidase enzymes convert carbohydrates to glucose, a sugar that circulates throughout the body. Strong α-glucosidase inhibitors, salacinol and kotalanol, competitively bind to glucosidases in the small intestine (Deepak et al, 2020). If the enzyme attaches to the SO herbal extract instead of the carbohydrate, less glucose enters the bloodstream, resulting in a low blood glucose level.…”