Antidiabetic and genotoxic effects on Wistar rats treated with aqueous extract from Chrysobalanus icaco L.

Abstract

Chrysobalanus icaco L. is a medicinal plant, used to treat diabetes and dyslipidemia in Brazil. The biological effects may vary depending on the source of plant. Experiments were performed to assess these effects from plants collected in the field and those obtained from dried herbs market. Glycemia, cholesterol and triglycerides serum concentrations were measured in healthy and diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract of leaves. Diabetic rats treated with the extract showed lower serum triglycerides, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in glycemia and cholesterol levels, compared to the control group without diabetes. Also, the genotoxic effects of these extracts were evaluated using the comet assay in total blood cells obtained from healthy rats ingested with extracts instead of drinking water. This assay showed that the extracts from either free market or endemic area were genotoxic. However, the extract obtained from the popular market was more genotoxic than that prepared from field plants. This study demonstrates that though the extract has therapeutic property that lowers the rate of triglycerides, it is not free of deleterious effects; this calls for precaution in its use as a phytotherapeutical agent.

Chrysobalanus icaco L.: Fuente de fitoquímicos con potencial bioactivo contra el síndrome metabólico en México

“…The extract did not affect food intake or weight gain; however, it decreased adipose tissue gain, triglyceride levels, and excretion of lipids in feces, in addition to increasing locomotor activity and normalizing sensitivity insulin and glucose tolerance (White et al, 2016a). Ferreira-Machado et al (2014), report that the administration for 35 days of 0.7 mg/mL of aqueous extracts of C. icaco leaves shows a significant reduction in triglyceride levels was observed in diabetic rats, the values being the same as those of the control group (80 mg/dL).…”

“…Although C. icaco is a source of other phytochemicals like terpenes, most often flavonoids like flavonols and anthocyanins are most studied in fruits. These molecules stand out for their hypoglycemic, antiobesogenic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant activity, these in vitro and in vivo models, so could become a profitable and sustainable alternative, in the treatment of these conditions (White et al, 2016a;White et al, 2016b;Portela-de-Sá et al, 2020;Nayak et al, 2011;Ferreira-Machado et al, 2014;de Oliveira et al, 2013), in addition to the fact that no acute toxicity has been observed (Ribeiro et al, 2020).…”

Fingerprinting e análise multivariada aplicados ao estudo de identidade e qualidade de fitoproduto de ajuru ("Chrysobalanus icaco" Linnaeus)

“… Foi avaliado in vivo, em experimento com ratos, que o extrato aquoso das folhas é potencialmente genotóxico. Ademais, avaliou-se que ratos diabéticos tratados com o extrato apresentaram redução nos níveis de triglicerídeo, sem diferenças significativas nos níveis de glicemia e colesterol 19 . 79,80 .…”

“…A partir dos dados da Tabela 9, verifica-se que a relação para a regressão apresentou o valor de 0,2096, ficando muito abaixo da relação esperada. Adicionalmente, o valor de F calculado para a falta de ajuste do modelo (72,55) foi superior ao F tabelado (19,16), fornecendo uma alta relação, o que igualmente não é ideal para a validação do modelo, pois para que um modelo seja considerado bem ajustado essa relação deve ser inferior a 0,10 121 .…”

“…O efeito antidiabético de extratos de C. icaco tem sido reportado 17,18,19,20 , bem como pesquisas sobre suas propriedades anti-inflamatória e antinociceptiva 21 , antileishmania 22 , antioxidante 20,21,23,24,25 , genotóxica 19,25 , antimicrobiana 26 , anti-HIV 27 , antiangiogênica 28 , anticâncer e antiresistência a múltiplas drogas 29 , e prevenção do ganho de peso 17,18 . Em estudos fitoquímicos, a presença de grupos químicos farmacologicamente importantes como flavonoides e terpenoides 16,17,23,26,27,30,31 foi identificada.…”