Antidiabetic Effects of Indonesian Bay Leaves (Syzygium Polyanthum) Extracts Through Decreasing Advanced Glycation End Products and Blood Glucose Level on Alloxan-Induced Hyperglycemic Wistar Rats

Abstract

Objective: Increased production of reactive oxygen species is one of the causes of hyperglycemia. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Indonesian bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) extracts as an antidiabetic agent in decreasing blood glucose and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) level of alloxan-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats.Methods: This research is a real experimental study with pre- and post-test control group design. The study begins with the induction of hyperglycemia in 40 Wistar rats using alloxan. Subsequently, hyperglycemic rats were divided into 6 groups, namely, the positive control group (P0); the treatment group by not giving the intake of Indonesian bay leaf (P1); the treatment group was given the extract of Indonesian bay leaves (S. polyanthum) 0.5 mg/kg body weight/day (P2); treatment group given Indonesian bay leaves extract 2.0 mg/kg body weight/day (P3); treatment group given Indonesian bay leaves 5.0 mg/kg body weight/day (P4), and P5 was treatment group with glibenclamide (hyperglycemia-lowering medication).Results: In the treatment of P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 groups, it can be seen that there are decreases of blood glucose and AGEs level between pre- and post-test comparison. However, the most significant drop in mean plasma glucose level was observed at the dosage 5.0 mg kg-1 (P4).Conclusion: The administration of Indonesian bay leaf extracts at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg body weight/day have an antidiabetic effect through decreasing blood glucose and AGEs level in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats.

GC-MS Analysis and Inhibitory Evaluation of Terminalia catappa Leaf Extracts on Major Enzymes Linked to Diabetes

“…Phenolic compounds and terpenoids have also been reported to elicit antioxidant properties and alleviate oxidative stress accumulation, in the process preventing the progression of diabetic complications [28]. Compounds such as phytol [29, 30], various terpenes and terpenoids [11], hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- [31] have been reported to exhibit various antidiabetic activities. Furthermore, reports have it that hydrolysis of phenolic compounds leads to the generation of shorter phenolic groups which accumulate, reduce oxidative stress, and inhibit amylase activity as well as other digestive enzymes reducing starch digestion [28, 32, 33].…”

Potential of Syzygium polyanthum (Daun Salam) in Lowering Blood Glucose Level: A Review

“…Of the remaining 280 studies, 75 did not include antidiabetic studies, 120 did not use S. polyanthum species, and 77 involved other than in vivo studies. Conclusively, eight articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in this review (Hikmah et al, 2016;Liem et al, 2015;Sutrisna et al, 2016;Wahjuni et al, 2018;Widharna et al, 2015;Widyawati et al, 2015a;Widyawati et al, 2015a;& Yuliana, 2014), as shown in the process of study selection (Figure 1).…”

“…The selected studied all used leaves extract of S. polyanthum in the form of extracts or decoction (Hikmah et al, 2016;Liem et al, 2015;Sutrisna et al, 2016;Wahjuni et al, 2018;Widharna et al, 2015;Widyawati et al, 2015a;Widyawati et al, 2015b;& Yuliana, 2014) and had comparable designs: in lowering BGL (Hikmah et al, 2016;Liem et al, 2015;Sutrisna et al, 2016;Wahjuni et al, 2018;Widharna et al, 2015; Note. As of 8 th September 2020 , 2015a;Widyawati et al, 2015b;& Yuliana, 2014), fasted animals were first induced with diabetes using alloxan (Hikmah et al, 2016;Liem et al, 2015;Sutrisna et al, 2016;Wahjuni et al, 2018;Widharna et al, 2015;Widyawati et al, 2015a;& Yuliana, 2014) or streptozotocin (Widyawati et al, 2015a(Widyawati et al, & 2015b followed by S. polyanthum mixture with glibenclamide (Hikmah et al, 2016& Liem et al, 2015, different dosages of S. polyanthum extract alone (Sutrisna et al, 2016;Wahjuni et al, 2018;Widharna et al, 2015;Widyawati et al, 2015b;& Yuliana, 2014) or different extracts of S. polyanthum (Widyawati et al, 2015a) supplementation for a duration of 6 to 56 days. Only one study had a test period of seven hours (Widyawati et al, 2015a).…”

“…In addition, the poultices of the bark, root and leaves relieve itching (Burkill, 1935). The leaves contain polyphenols (flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins) and saponin (Hikmah et al, 2016;Liem et al, 2015;Wahjuni et al, 2018;Widharna et al, 2015;Widyawati et al, 2015a& Yuliana, 2014. In medicinal plants.…”

“…In medicinal plants. These polyphenols, saponins and coumarins have been reported to exhibit antidiabetic properties (Hikmah et al, 2016;Wahjuni et al, 2018;Yuliana, 2014).…”