Antidiabetic plant-derived nutraceuticals: a critical review

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major health problems in the world, especially amongst the urban population. Chemically synthesized drugs used to decrease the ill effects of DM and its secondary complications cause adverse side effects, viz., weight gain, gastrointestinal disturbances, and heart failure. Currently, various other approaches, viz., diet control, physical exercise and use of antidiabetic plant-derived molecules/foods are advocated to manage DM, as they are economical with fewer or no side effects. This review mainly focuses on antidiabetic plants, chemically characterized plant molecules and plant-based foods in the treatment of DM. Very little science-based evidence is available on the mechanism of action of plant-derived food molecules on the DM targets. Critical DM targets include α-amylase, α-glucosidase, DPP-IV, aldose reductase, PPAR-γ, AMP kinase and GLUT4. In-depth studies carried out on a few of those targets with specific mechanisms of action are addressed in this review. This review may help future researchers in identifying a right plant molecule to treat DM or to develop food formulations for DM management.

Therapeutic application of nutraceuticals in diabetic nephropathy: Current evidence and future implications

“…Some nutraceuticals possess anti‐diabetic properties through affecting enzymes and proteins involved in disease development including α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV (DPP‐IV), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors‐γ (PPAR‐γ), 5′ AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and aldose reductase (Figure 1). 55 α‐Amylase and α‐glucosidase enzymes are involved in the breakdown of starch into glucose; thus the inhibition of these enzymes can result in lower postprandial blood glucose 56,57 . Limonoids extracted from A‐ indica (Neem) and Myricetin from guava leaves inhibit α‐amylase 58,59 .…”

Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential of Campomanesia xanthocarpa seed extract obtained by supercritical CO2

“…DM is a chronic disease characterized by an elevated blood sugar level (hyperglycemia) which is due to carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism disturbance caused by an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin or by insulin resistance at the cellular level (WHO, 2018). It is well established that hyperglycemia and diabetic dyslipidemia associated lead to several comorbidities including macro-and microvascular damage (Naveen and Baskaran, 2018). For a significant number of patients, the treatment of Type 2 DM (T2DM) must include pharmacological agents in order to reach satisfactory glycemic control as well as multifactorial risk reduction (Khavandi et al, 2017).…”

Probiotic camel milk powder improves glycemic control, dyslipidemia, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle function in T2DM patients: a randomized trial

“…Type 2 diabetes accounts for around 90% of diabetes worldwide, which can be effectively prevented and managed through adoption of healthy lifestyles, especially a healthy diet (1). As a result, there were many studies focused on the evaluation of the hypoglycemic activity of functional foods or ingredients, which can be mainly divided into polyphenol-enriched plant-based foods (2)(3)(4)(5) and proteins or peptides (6)(7)(8)(9). Meanwhile, since emerging evidence about the close relationship between gut microbiota with diabetes (10,11), probiotics is used as a new effective therapeutic strategy in preventing and management of diabetes (12,13).…”