Antidiarrheal Effect of DLBS1Y62, a Bioactive Fraction of Uncaria gambir Roxb. Dried Sap Extract, in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Background: Diarrhea is a common health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. It is the second leading cause of mortality for children. Uncaria gambir Roxb. extract has been used to treat diarrhea and dysentery, and as an astringent medicine, in Asian countries. Here, we investigated the antidiarrheal effect of DLBS1Y62, which is the bioactive fraction of dried sap extract from U. gambir, using castor oil-induced diarrhea and castor oil-induced enteropooling in rats. Methods: DLBS1Y62 was obtained by crushing and milling the dried sap extract of U. gambir leaves. Male Wistar rats, 2-3 months old, weighing 200-250 g (n=30), were used for this study. Negative controls received 0.05 mL purified water. Positive controls were treated with 2 mg/kg BW loperamide orally as a suspension. Groups I, II, and III received 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg BW DLBS1Y62, respectively. Group IV received a combination of 6.25 mg/kg BW DLBS1Y62 and 20 mg/kg BW attapulgite. Diarrheal onset and frequency were observed; then, the weight and volume of intestinal contents were measured.Results: DLBS1Y62 at all dose levels and in combination with attapulgite could inhibit the formation of further fecal forms of diarrhea, without delaying the onset of diarrhea. The rats that received DLBS1Y62 25 mg/kg BW had the lowest frequency of diarrhea and average intestinal contents compared with the treatment and negative control groups. DLBS1Y62 at a dose of 25 mg/kg BW also gave similar results to 2 mg/kg BW loperamide as a positive control in reducing diarrheal frequency and intestinal content. Conclusion:The results of this study suggest that DLBS1Y62, particularly at a dose of 25 mg/kg BW, containing tannin as a compound, may become an alternative treatment for diarrhea.

Evaluation of Antidiarrheal, Antispasmodic, and Antisecretory Activities of Extract and Fractions of Castanopsis costata Leaves in Animal Models

“…[24][25][26] Tannins produce a temporary protective layer of coagulation proteins on the intestinal mucous membrane, which desensitizes sensory nerve endings and reduces provocative peristaltic stimulation. 27 This compound also forms a protective pellicle that prevents the absorption of toxic substances. It is an astringent, polyphenolic compound that binds and precipitates or shrinks proteins.…”

“…It is an astringent, polyphenolic compound that binds and precipitates or shrinks proteins. 27,28 Similarly, flavonoids are known as intestinal antimotility and inhibitors of water as well as electrolyte secretion. They also have antioxidant activity which might play a role in suppressing the catalytic activity of various enzymes including those for prostaglandin synthesis.…”

“…These findings are consistent with the goal of drug therapy in diarrhea, namely to reduce fecal water by increasing fluid absorption or reducing fluid secretion, or both. 27…”

Uji Efektivitas Antidiare Obat Herbal X pada Mencit (Mus musculus) galur Swiss Webster yang diinduksi Minyak Jarak (Oleum ricini)

“…Ketidakseimbangan tersebut mungkin disebabkan oleh overstimulasi enterotoksin bakteri dan peradangan yang menyebabkan pelepasan prostaglandin pada mukosa usus. Selain infeksi bakteri, diare juga bisa disebabkan oleh obat-obatan, faktor psikologis, alergi, dan keracunan makanan (Wibowo et al, 2021).…”

“…Sebagian besar Upaya pengobatan diare dilakukan dengan cara mencegah terjadinya dehidrasi dan mengurangi tingkat keparahan diare (Fauzi et al, 2020). Penanganan diare yang tidak tepat dapat mengakibatkan risiko kematian yang lebih tinggi atau perpanjangan kondisi diare (Wibowo et al, 2021). Penggunaan obat antidiare sintetik yang biasa digunakan sebagai terapi pengobatan diare pada umumnya dapat menimbulkan efek samping seperti mual, muntah, nyeri perut, dan konstipasi sementara (ISO, 2019).…”