Antifungal Action of Herbal Plants’ Glycolic Extracts against Candida Species

Abstract

Candida spp. cause fungal infection that affects patients’ oral health. This study aimed to evaluate the isolated and synergistic antifungal effect of Rosa centifolia L., Curcuma longa L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., and Punica granatum L. glycolic extracts against Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei planktonic and biofilm forms. The plant extracts were chemically characterized and the main compounds were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) analysis. The minimum inhibitory and minimum fungicidal concentrations of the extracts were determined, and antibiofilm activity was evaluated by MTT assay. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests, and by Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s tests, considering a significance level of 5%. The main compounds identified in each of the extracts were: p-coumaric acid (2153.22 μg/100 mL) in the rosemary extract, gallotannins (4318.31 μg/100 mL) in the pomegranate extract, quercetin derivatives (3316.50 μg/100 mL) in the extract of white roses, and curcumin (135.09 μg/100 mL) in the turmeric extract. The combination of R. centifolia and C. longa glycolic extracts was effective against C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, and C. tropicalis biofilms over different periods (p < 0.05). The combination of R. officinalis and P. granatum glycolic extracts was effective against C. albicans and C. krusei biofilms after 30 min, and against C. tropicalis after 24 h, with all combinations showing an average reduction of 50% in cell viability (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the combined plant extracts have antifungal and antibiofilm action against Candida spp. in different concentrations and times of action.

Stachys Species: Comparative Evaluation of Phenolic Profile and Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential

“…The inhibitory activity of Stachys sp. extracts against two stages of biofilm formation, biofilm attachment (T0) and destruction of 24 h pre-formed biofilm (T24), respectively, was investigated using previously reported protocols [45,61,62]. The bacterial and fungal inoculums were prepared as presented for the disk diffusion; for T0 the inoculums were placed in sterile flat-bottomed 96-well microtiter plates to be incubated with equal volumes (100 µL) of each Stachys extract for 24 h at 37 • C without shaking.…”

Synergistic Antibiofilm Action of Cinnamomum verum and Brazilian Green Propolis Hydroethanolic Extracts against Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Their Biocompatibility on Human Keratinocytes

“…The synergy of different plant extracts was tested before and was effective against different microorganisms [22,23]. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the synergistic antibiofilm action of the produced and phytochemically characterized extracts of C. verum and BGP propolis against multidrug-resistant clinical strains of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa.…”

“…The flow was 1 mL/min and a linear gradient starting with 0% B, ending with 70% B, in a 50 min run time. The detection wavelengths were 280 and 340 nm [20,22]. Quantification of the polyphenols in BGP extract was performed using standards with the same UV spectrum.…”

Microbial Biofilms: Applications, Clinical Consequences, and Alternative Therapies

“…It was seen that the number of C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, and C. tropicalis was significantly reduced by the combination of glycolic extracts of quercetin from Rosa centifolia (white rose) and curcumin of Curcuma longa (turmeric) . C. albicans and C. krusei biofilms were eliminated by the glycolic extract of p-coumaric acid in Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) and gallotannins of Punica granatum (pomegranate) [ 125 ]. The chloroform extract of Piper betle is reported to be efficacious in both preventing biofilm formation and eliminating existing biofilms of Bacillus gaemokensis [ 102 ].…”