Candida spp. are naturally opportunistic and can promote infections. These yeasts can form biofi lm, after penetration and adhesion to the biotic or abiotic surfaces.Preexisting diseases, treatments with drugs and radiation therapy, medical procedures, and parafunctional habits favor the installation of a fungal infection. Increased resistance to the available antifungals has become a concern. Therefore, alternative methods to control them have been evaluated, including the use of plant substances. In this study, the antibiofi lm effect of R. offi cinalis L. extract was analyzed on C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis. A phytochemical analysis of the extract was performed. Biofi lms were formed for 48 h and exposed to the different concentrations of the extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/mL) for 5 min or 24 h. The effect of the plant extract was compared to the antifungal nystatin. Rosmarinus offi cinalis L. extract was constituted of phenols and fl avonoids, highlighting the presence of chlorogenic acid derivatives in its composition. Biofi lm reductions were observed after exposure to the plant extract for both periods. The plant extract provided a reduction similar to the antifungal. Thus, R. offi cinalis L. extract showed antibiofi lm effect on Candida spp. comparable to the nystatin.

Radiotherapy induces a higher level of Candida spp. colonization, resulting in oral candidiasis. This study aimed to evaluate the phototransformation potential of the glycolic extract of Curcuma longa (C. longa); the antifungal activity of C. longa, curcumin, and antifungal photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with blue light-emitting diodes “LED” on Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in vitro; and the toxicity of C. longa and curcumin in Galleria mellonella model. In order to confirm the light absorption capacity of the C. longa extract, its phototransformation potential was evaluated. The antifungal effect of C. longa, curcumin, and aPDT was evaluated over Candida spp. Finally, the toxicity of C. longa and curcumin was evaluated on the Galleria mellonella model. The data were analyzed using the GraphPad Prism 5.0 software considering α = 5%. It was found that C. longa, curcumin, and aPDT using blue LED have an antifungal effect over C. albicans and C. tropicalis. The extract of C. longa 100 mg/mL and curcumin 200 μg/mL do not show toxicity on Galleria mellonella model.

Phagocytosis of S. aureus by RAW 264.7 was enhanced with thymol Thyme enhanced the phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa by RAW 264.7 Plant products provided immunoregulation of inflammatory cytokines Production of nitric oxide was improved with the treatments in bacterial infections.

This study was performed to evaluate the biocompatibility and antifungal effect of Rosmarinus officinalis against Candida albicans in Galleria mellonella model. Five different concentrations of R. officinalis glycolic extract (50; 25; 12.5 e 6.25 mg/mL) were used to evaluate its biocompatibility in G. mellonella model, in which the nystatin suspension (100; 50; 25; 12.5 e 6.25%) was used as a control group. The antifungal action of R. officinalis glycolic extract was evaluated on C. albicans for 72, 48 and 12 h at two different phases: (1) using the extract as therapeutic agent; and (2) using the extract as prophylactic agent. PBS was used as a negative control group. G. mellonella survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method and statistical analysis was performed using the log-rank test (Mantel–Cox) and the significance level was set at (α ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference among the groups in which all were biocompatible except of a significant death rate of 26.6% with nystatin 100%. In phase 1, it was found that after 7 days, there was no statistically significant difference among the prophylactic treatment groups. In phase 2, the groups of R. officinalis 6.25 mg/mL for 72 h and R. officinalis of 12.5 mg/mL for 24 h promoted the survival rate of the larvae in comparison with the control group with a significant difference (p = 0.017) and (p = 0.032) respectively. Therefore, R. officinalis extract is biocompatible in different concentrations and can be used as a prophylactic agent against fungal infection.

As propriedades biológicas das plantas sempre despertaram curiosidade na comunidade científica pois desde a antiguidade, o homem utiliza a fitoterapia para prevenção e cura de doenças. Atualmente, muitos estudos comprovam os efeitos farmacológicos dos vegetais e as aplicações medicinais vão desde alívio da dor, controle da inflamação e de infecções, ação antioxidante até ação antitumoral. Na odontologia, o emprego da fitoterapia tem crescido e as pesquisas para uso dos derivados das plantas sobre infecções periodontais, endodônticas, cáries e candidose bucal, por exemplo, se expande. O objetivo da presente revisão foi diagnosticar o atual panorama das pesquisas sobre a fitoterapia na odontologia com base em evidências científicas presentes na literatura. Utilizou-se trabalhos disponíveis nas bases de dados PUBMED, BVS, Google acadêmico e Scielo. Na presente revisão, verificou-se que muitos estudos in vitro, in vivo e ensaios clínicos estão sendo realizados para comprovar a eficácia e segurança dos compostos vegetais e na odontologia, observa-se que o estudo e emprego da fitoterapia está cada vez mais amplo. Dentre as principais aplicações terapêuticas das plantas na área odontológica podemos citar a ação analgésica, anti-inflamatória, antimicrobiana, (incluindo ação antibacteriana e antifúngica) e atividade ansiolítica, sendo que os principais fitoterápicos frequentemente utilizados são: Malva sylvestris, Camellia sinensis, própolis, Carica papaya, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Valeriana officinalis e Passiflora incarnata. Dessa forma, pode-se concluir que os benefícios da fitoterapia na odontologia são inúmeros e a continuidade das pesquisas é fundamental para que os produtos vegetais cheguem nas clínicas odontológicas em todas as regiões do Brasil.