Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) extract has antibiofilm effect similar to the antifungal nystatin on Candida samples

Abstract

Candida spp. are naturally opportunistic and can promote infections. These yeasts can form biofi lm, after penetration and adhesion to the biotic or abiotic surfaces.Preexisting diseases, treatments with drugs and radiation therapy, medical procedures, and parafunctional habits favor the installation of a fungal infection. Increased resistance to the available antifungals has become a concern. Therefore, alternative methods to control them have been evaluated, including the use of plant substances. In this study, the antibiofi lm effect of R. offi cinalis L. extract was analyzed on C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis. A phytochemical analysis of the extract was performed. Biofi lms were formed for 48 h and exposed to the different concentrations of the extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/mL) for 5 min or 24 h. The effect of the plant extract was compared to the antifungal nystatin. Rosmarinus offi cinalis L. extract was constituted of phenols and fl avonoids, highlighting the presence of chlorogenic acid derivatives in its composition. Biofi lm reductions were observed after exposure to the plant extract for both periods. The plant extract provided a reduction similar to the antifungal. Thus, R. offi cinalis L. extract showed antibiofi lm effect on Candida spp. comparable to the nystatin.

The biocompatibility and antifungal effect of Rosmarinus officinalis against Candida albicans in Galleria mellonella model

“…In the literature, R. officinalis L. extract showed antifungal effect on Candida spp. without a significant difference with nystatin in vitro 20 ; however, they were not tested in in G. mellonella model as in the present study.…”

“…The antifungal effect of R. officinalis was tested against C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis where it was as effective as nystatin 20 . However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no studies that evaluated the antifungal effect against C. albicans in Galleria mellonella model like other herbal medicines 21 , 22 as in vivo models provides an opportunity to assess the prophylactic potential of a compound acting on the host’s immune system 23 .…”

Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities of Some Essential Oils Against Candida spp

“…Thyme essential oil is used as a flavor in a wide variety of foods, beverages, confectionery products, and perfumery to synthesize soaps and lotions. It possesses some antiseptic, bronchiolitis, antispasmodic, and antimicrobial properties [32]. It was documented that thyme EO has an inhibitory impact on Candida albicans virulence factors.…”

Antifungal and Immunomodulatory Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine

“…The extract shows an antibiofilm effect against C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis. A 50-200 mg/mL extract can reduce mature biofilms, which are formed 48 h in advance, and the antibiofilm activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. extract is comparable to that of nystatin [26].…”