Antifungal Activity of Bacterial Isolates from Straw Mushroom Cultivation Medium against Phytopathogenic Fungi

Abstract

Several bacteria were isolated from straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) cultivation medium. There are three potential isolates previously characterized and has growth inhibition effect against V. volvacea. This screening result lead to the further study about the inhibition activity against phytopathogenic fungi. The aim of this research is to investigate the antifungal activity of three bacterial isolates against three phytopathogenic fungi and identification of the bacteria. The method used in this study are antifungal assay using co-culture method and disk difussion assay using the filtrate of each bacteria. The profile of antifungal compound was identified using ethyl acetate extract followed by evaporation and gas chromatography (GC-MS) analysis. Identification of each isolates was performed using 16S rDNA amplification and sequencing. Three phytopathogenic fungi i.e Cercospora lactucae (InaCC F168), Colletotrichum gloeosporides (InaCC F304) and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (F817) were co-cultured with bacterial isolates C2.2, C3.8, and D3.3. The C3.8 isolate has highest average inhibition activity either using isolate and filtrate. The result relatively consistent against three phytopathogenic fungi. The metabolite profile of C3.8 isolate showed the Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate as the main compound with 97% similarity. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate has potential effect as antibacterial and antifungal compound. According to EzBioCloud and GeneBank databases, the C2.2 isolate identified as Bacillus tequilensis, C3.8 as Bacillus siamensis and D3.3 as Bacillus subtilis subsp. Subtilis. This study also shows the potential of Bacillus siamensis C3.8 as biocontrol against phytopathogenic fungi.

GC-MS Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of the Extract and Fractions of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168 Isolated from a River Bank in Nigeria

“…(Bacillus siamensis). Studies have confirmed the antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [29,30].…”

“…Among the confirmed three (3) major compounds is bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, a phthalate ester at Retention time (Rt) of 18.29 and peak area (%) of 33.8. Masrukhin et al [29] similarly reported bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate as a major compound from the GC-MS profile of active compounds in the ethyl-acetate extract of a Bacillus spp. (Bacillus siamensis).…”

Isolation of bacteria displaying potent antagonistic activity against fungi causes anthracnose disease in chili

“…The crude enzyme from B. velezensis CE 100 degraded the cell wall of C. gloeosporioides, inhibiting spore germination and mycelial growth by 99.3% and 33.6% at 100 µL mL -1 , respectively (Choub et al 2021). Bacillus siamensis C3.8 has inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic fungi such as C. gloeosporioides (Masrukhin et al 2021). B. siamensis H30-3 demonstrated antifungal activities in vitro against C. higginsianum, thereby preventing anthracnose disease in Chinese cabbage (Lee et al 2018).…”

Potential Antimicrobe Producer of Endophytic Bacteria from Yellow Root Plant (Arcangelisia flava (L.)) Originated from Enggano Island

“…E-15-heptadecenal and E-14-hexadecenal are reported to be involved in antifungal activity. E-15-heptaedecenal is found in the B. siamensis active compound profle which is allegedly involved in antimicrobial Antimicrobe [47][48][49]; antitumor [50] activity of B. siamensis C.38 against some phytopathogenic fungi [32], while E-14-hexadecenal is the antifungal bioactive compound found in the endophytic fungi Pseudarthria viscida (L.) [25,55]. 1-Heneicosanol is the longchain fatty alcohol which is reported to have antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic bacteria.…”