Antifungal activity of cinnamon and clove essential oils against button mushroom pathogens Cladobotryum dendroides (Bull.) W. Gams & Hooz and Lecanicillium fungicola var. fungicola (Preuss) Hasebrauk

Abstract

Antifungal activity of two essential oils, cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merrill & Perry), was evaluated against Cladobotryum dendroides (Bull.) W. Gams & Hooz, and Lecanicillium fungicola var. fungicola (Preuss) Hasebrauk, the causal agents of cobweb and dry bubble disease of cultivated mushroom. Inhibitory and fungicidal activity of the selected essential oils was assayed using three methods: microdilution, macrodilution fumigant and macrodilution contact method. Comparing all three methods, clove essential oil showed stronger activity than cinnamon against both fungi, having minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at the lowest concentrations tested (1.56, 0.02 and 0.1 µl ml-1 , respectively). However, cinnamon oil was more toxic to L. fungicola var. fungicola then to C. dendroides in all three methods. Both oils exhibited stronger antifungal effects when used in the macrodilution fumigant than in contact method. The results showed that both cinnamon and clove essential oils have the potential for further in vivo experiments against L. fungicola var. fungicola and C. dendroides and indicated a possible use of these oils in integrated disease management in mushrooms.

Identification of resistance to cobweb disease caused byCladobotryum mycophilumin wild and cultivated strains ofAgaricus bisporusand screening for bioactive botanicals

“…[42][43][44] Clove oil contains eugenol up to 70-85% which is a phenolic compound with high antimicrobial activity. 40 The antifungal activity of the botanicals in the present study might be due to the presence of one or more bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, glycosides, avonoids, steroids, and saponins. 45 The maximum intensive peak observed at 3375 cm À1 represented the OH groups; a peak at 1730 cm À1 and 1070 cm À1 represented the group C-O that is the characteristic band for alcohols and phenols; and a peak at 1643 cm À1 represented the aromatic carbonyl group belonging to quinine.…”

“…38,39 Our results corroborate those of previous studies where clove and cinnamon essential oils were able to suppress mycopathogens, with clove oil exhibiting greater toxicity than cinnamon to Lecanicillium fungicola and Cladobotryum dendroides. 40 The bio-efficacy of botanicals is attributed to the fact that they have active compounds, such as azadirachtin, allicin, and salicin, which exhibit antifungal, antibacterial, and antiinsecticidal properties in nature. 41 Some research has also reported that botanical extracts and oils used in different concentrations can effectively control the mycelial growth of mycopathogens.…”

Antifungal and synergistic activity of five plant essential oils from Serbia against Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum Samuels & W. Gams

“…(Tanović et al, 2006;Glamočlija et al, 2006, Džamić et al, 2008Soković et al, 2009;Luković et al, 2018). Testing 18 EOs, Tanović et al (2006) found that thyme, cinnamon, clove and tea tree oils had the highest antifungal activity against these mycopathogenic fungi, while Luković et al (2018) found that clove and cinnamon completely inhibithed the growth of L. fungicola and Cladobotryum dendroides in tests that used three distinctive methods. Various EOs have been tested against various Trichoderma species, pathogens of cultivated mushrooms, and they demonstrated inhibitory effects in vitro and in vivo.…”

Efficiency of Gaseous Ozone in Disinfection of Mushroom Growing Rooms

“…However, the experiments presented by Luković et al (2018) showed also the high sensitivity of L. fungicola to some essential oils. Inhibitory and fungicidal activity of the selected essential oils was assayed using microdilution and macrodilution fumigant methods.…”