Antifungal activity of pomegranate peel extract and isolated compound punicalagin against dermatophytes

Abstract

BackgroundDermatophyte species infect the epidermis and appendages, often with serious social and health-economic consequences. The hydroalcoholic extract of pomegranate fruit peel showed activity against the dermatophyte fungi Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, Microsporum canis and M. gypseum.MethodsHydroalcoholic extract was prepared with pomegranate peels. This crude extract was fractionated and submitted to liquid-liquid partition, resulting in an active fraction which was fractionated in a Sephadex LH-20 column, followed by a Lobar column. The structure of the active compound was established with the use of spectroscopic methods.ResultsThe crude extract of pomegranate fruit peel showed activity against the dermatophytes Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, Microsporum canis, and M. gypseum, with MICs values of 125 μg/ml and 250 μg/ml, respectively for each genus. Punicalagin was isolated and identified by spectroscopic analysis. The crude extract and punicalagin showed activity against the conidial and hyphal stages of the fungi. The cytotoxicity assay showed selectivity for fungal cells than for mammalian cells.ConclusionsThese results indicated that the crude extract and punicalagin had a greater antifungal activity against T. rubrum, indicating that the pomegranate is a good target for study to obtain a new antidermatophyte medicine.

Antifungal Activities of Some Plant Extracts against Pathogenic Fungi

“…In our study, ethanol 80% extract of pomegranate fruit peels showed antifungal activity against isolated dermatophytes; Trichophyton mentagrophyte 1, Trichophyton verrecusom, Trichophyton terrestre, Trichophyton mentagrophytes 2 and Microsporum boullardii but no activity was recorded on Microsporum gypseum. The results were in a close agreement with that of Foss et al, (2014) and Barathikannan et al, (2016) who reported that hydroalcoholic and alcoholic extract of pomegranate fruit peels showed activity against the dermatophytes Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, and Microsporum gypseum. Mahajan et al, (2014); Khaleel et al, (2016); Mohammed et al, (2016); Akroum, (2017); Mostafa et al, (2017); Rosas-Burgos et al, (2017) The present study showed that hexane, ethyl acetate, and 80% ethanol extracts of fennel fruits did not affect the tested fungi.…”

Standardization of the conditions for extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peel

“…Tabaraki et al (2012) described the application of 70 % aqueous EtOH for extracting pomegranate peel at 60°C temperature for 30 min. Foss et al (2014) employed 90 % hydroalcoholic solution to extract pomegranate peel at room temperature for 5 days extraction. The use of EtOH in combination with water could probably bring about higher order of damage to the peel tissue than caused by individual components.…”

“…Pomegranate peel has also been extracted using ultrasound assisted extraction with 70 % aqueous EtOH (Tabaraki et al 2012) at 60°C for 30 min. Foss et al (2014) employed 90 % hydroalcoholic solution at room temperature in dark for 5 days to extract pomegranate peel and studied its antifungal activity.…”

Antimicrobial potential of pomegranate peel: a review

“…PoPx showed a strong broad‐spectrum AMA against Gram‐positive ( Bacillus subtilis and S. aureus ) and Gram‐negative ( E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia ) bacteria, with MIC ranging from 0.2 to 0.78 mg mL −1 (Fawole et al ., ). The crude extract of PoP showed a good ABA against S. aureus , B. subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MICs of 0.062, 0.062 and 0.25 mg mL −1 respectively (Foss et al ., ). ABA of PoP enhanced in combination with CuSO 4 against clinical isolates of methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA), methicillin‐sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and Panton‐Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) positive community‐acquired methicillin‐sensitive S. aureus (CA‐MSSA) strains (Gould et al ., ).…”

“…AFA of PoP against fungal strains is shown in Table S2. The crude extract of PoP showed good AFA against four species of dermatophyte fungi Trichophyton mentagrophytes , T. rubrum , Microsporum canis and Microsporum gypseum with MICs of 0.125, 0.125 and 0.25 mg mL −1 respectively (Foss et al ., ). Punicalagin is a major component of PoP which acts on the conidial and hyphal structures of dermatophytes.…”