Antifungal Activity of Some Essential Oil Emulsions and Nanoemulsions Against Fusarium Oxysporum Pathogen Affecting Cumin and Geranium Plants

Abstract

In the present investigation, the antifungal activity of essential oil emulsions and nanoemulsions of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), marjoram (Majorana hortensis Moench), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) were evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum isolated from infested cumin and geranium plants. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography. The nanoemulsion was formulated using the essential oils, non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80) and water by ultrasonication method for 30 min and characterized by particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscope. Essential oil emulsions were prepared as mentioned above without sonication. The transmission electron micrograph showed that the essential oil nanoemulsions were spherical in shape and moderately mono or di-dispersed. The droplet size was correlated well with the results obtained from droplet size analysis showing that droplets are present in the nanometer range, with particle size of less than 100 nm and were stable after 3 months of storage under room temperature (27 °C). Four concentrations of the emulsions and nanoemulsions were used to evaluate the anti-fusarium activity in vitro. The results showed that maximum inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum. f.sp. cumini was resulted by thyme essential oil nanoemulsion and emulsion at 2000 ppm and sweet basil essential oil nanoemulsion at 4000 ppm. Also, maximum inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum isolated from geranium plant resulted by thyme essential oil nanoemulsion and emulsion at 2000 ppm. All essential oil nanoemulsions exhibited higher activities compared to emulsions against fungal growth at all concentrations. Treating cumin seeds with each of the concentrations of essential oil emulsions did not affect germination, while seed germination percentage sharply decreased at high concentrations of nanoemulsions treatments. The results suggest the potential effects of thyme and sweet basil essential oil nanoemulsions as novel fungicide agents against Fusarium spp.

Synthesis and Technology of Nanoemulsion-Based Pesticide Formulation

“…Due to simple operation and low power consumption, the high shear stirring method becomes more favorable than the high-pressure method. This high-energy approach for the preparation of nanoemulsion has been previously described elsewhere [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ].…”

Evaluation of some Control Methods of Weeds and Fungal Soil-Borne Diseases on Cumin and its Productivity

“…of Organic Agric., ARC), whereas essential oil emulsions were applied at a concentration of 5 ml/L. According to a previous study (Hassanin et al, 2017),these concentrations had no adverse effects on seed germination. The soaked seeds were air dried at room temperature for one hour before sowing.…”

Basil oil nanoemulsion formulation and its antimicrobial activity against fish pathogen and enhance disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in cultured Nile tilapia

“…Characterization of the prepared basil oil nanoemulsion mean droplet size in this study was 6.419 nm proved that was less than 100 nm, which means that was within the nano-range according to (McClements 2012 andHassanin et al, 2017). PDI is a measure of the stability and uniformity of the droplet size in the nanoemulsion Anjali et al, (2010).…”

“…Eugenol can react with phospholipids from cell membrane, and also it interacts with cell membrane permeability in a great number of bacteria and yeasts. Also basil oil nanoemulsion had antifungal activity against Saprolegnia parasitica at low dose (3µl), while Hassanin et al, (2017) recorded that the growth inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum was linearly increased with an increase in concentration of by basil oil nanoemulsion. Ocimum basilicum has antifungal activity which also might be attributed to the presence of the main constituents (linalool and eugenol) compounds as reported by Oxenham et al, (2005).Antifungal action mechanisms of essential oils and their constituents are generally explained by membrane damage or disruption of its integrity, increasing permeability, inhibition of ergosterol synthesis or binding to ergosterol on the membrane and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by acting on mitochondria Rajput and Karuppayil (2013).As well, ethanol, methanol and hexane are major constituents of Ocimum basilicum were investigated for their in vitro antimicrobial properties against 146 microbial organisms including aquaculture pathogens.…”