Antifungal Activity of Strawberry Fruit Volatile Compounds against Colletotrichum acutatum

Abstract

Eight volatile products characterizing strawberry aroma, which is generated from the oxidative degradation of linoleic and linolenic acids by a lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway, were examined because of their antifungal activity against Colletotrichum acutatum, one of the causal agents of strawberry anthracnose. In this study, the effects of aldehydes, alcohols, and esters on mycelial growth and conidia development were evaluated. (E)-Hex-2-enal was found to be the best inhibitor of mycelial growth [MID (minimum inhibitory doses)=33.65 microL L(-1)] and of spore germination (MID=6.76 microL L(-1)), while hexyl acetate was the least effective of all volatile compounds tested (MID=6441.89 microL L(-1) for mycelial growth and MID=1351.35 microL L(-1) for spore germination). Furthermore, the antifungal activity of (E)-hex-2-enal on susceptibility of strawberry fruits to C. acutatum was also confirmed. The presence of these molecules in jars containing strawberry fruits inoculated with a suspension of spores inhibited the fungus growth and prevented the appearance of symptoms. Moreover, a study of the effects of (E)-hex-2-enal on conidial cells of C. acutatum was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. This volatile compound altered the structures of the cell wall and plasma membrane, causing disorganization and lysis of organelles and, eventually, cell death.

Role of internal atmosphere on fruit ripening and storability—a review

“…Alphafarnesene increases the suseptability of apple fruits to scald disorder (Huelin and Coggiola 1968;Watkins et al 1993), 5. Different endogenous volatiles (aldehydes, alcohols and esters) and trans-2-hexenal exhibit antifungal properties against the Colletotrichum acutatum that causes anthrac-nose in strawberry fruits (Arroyo et al 2007), 6. Several terpenoids (sesquiterpenes like; zingiberene and curcumene and the monoterpenes like; p-cymene, α-terpinene, and α-phellandrene) strongly repel whiteflies that infest tomatoes (Bleeker et al 2009) and 7.…”

Effects of Aliphatic Aldehydes on the Growth and Patulin Production ofPenicillium expansumin Apple Juice

“…[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] In particular, cinnamaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and aliphatic aldehydes have been found to have potent effects against microorganisms. Among these, (Z)-3-hexenal, 2,4-hexadienal, and (E)-2-undecenal showed relatively strong antibacterial and antifungal effects.…”

Composition of Secondary Metabolites in Various Parts of 'Seolhyang' Strawberry Plants

“…In addition, volatile organic compounds in strawberry fruits can be considered as the antifungal agent (Arroyo et al, 2007). However, product yield of strawberry fruits is insufficient to meet a demand.…”

“…The volatile organic compounds emitted from plant tissues are not only a fundamental flavor and fragrance constituents, as an indicator of ripeness and an attractant of pollinators, but also antimicrobial agents against pathogenic fungi and bacteria (Arroyo et al, 2007). These volatile compounds can be extracted from variety of parts of plants, such as buds, fruits, seeds, leaves, peels, woods, and roots.…”