Antifungal and antimycotoxigenic effect of the essential oil of Eremanthus erythropappus on three different Aspergillus species

Abstract

Essential oils can be considered antifungal agents in controlling food contamination, due to their biological potential. Eremanthus erythropappus essential oil (EEO) was extracted by hydrodistillation, and its chemical composition was evaluated by gas chromatography using mass spectrometer (GC‐MS) and flame ionization detectors (GC‐FID). EEO antifungal and antimycotoxygenic effect was evaluated on different species of Aspegillus genus. The main component of the EEO was α‐bisabolol (98.853%). The essential oil exhibited fungicidal activity at concentrations of 0.98, 15.63, and 15.63 μL/mL against Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus ochraceus, respectively. The application of the EEO significantly inhibited ochratoxin A production that ranged from 62.06% to 84.27% and from 68.29% to 98.44% for the fungal species A carbonarius and A ochraceus, respectively, and also inhibited the production qualitatively of aflatoxins B1 and B2. Ergosterol biosynthesis of fungi A carbonarius (76.56%‐92.07%), A flavus (81.28%‐97.75%), and A ochraceus (47.61%‐85.56%) significantly decreased in the presence of EEO. Electromicrographs showed morphological alterations and some damages caused by EEO in the fungal membranes of three fungi species. There was a change in the hyphae uniformity present in the fungi and also loss of conidia integrity in A carbonarius, and no conidia formation in A flavus and A ochraceus, after treatment with the essential oil. Therefore, the results suggested that EEO was capable of inhibit fungal growth, ergosterol biosynthesis, and the production of mycotoxins that can contaminate food.

The Antifungal Activity of Cinnamon-Litsea Combined Essential Oil against Dominant Fungal Strains of Moldy Peanut Kernels

“…flavus , and several irreversible morphological changes such as loss of pigmentation and irregular maturity of conidiophores were observed under a light microscopy. In addition, Brandão et al [ 53 ] evaluated the antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic effects of Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish EO against A .…”

Antifungal and antiocratoxigenic potential of Alpinia speciosa and Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oils encapsulated in poly(lactic acid) nanofibres against Aspergillus fungi

“…After the incubation time, the conidia were scraped from the mycelium with a sterile glass rod, and the suspension of each isolate was prepared using a 1% aqueous solution of Tween 80 (Synth, Diadema, SP, Brazil). The conidium suspensions were assessed using a Neubauer Chamber (Sigma, São Paulo, Brazil), and the concentrations were adjusted to 10 6 conidia per ml (Brandão et al 2020).…”

“…All the sample and standard OTA solutions were analysed in triplicate. The calculation of the percentage of inhibition of OTA production by treatments relative to the fungal control was performed using the equation of Brandão et al (2020).…”

Antifungal and physicochemical properties of Ocimum essential oil loaded in poly(lactic acid) nanofibers

“…Spores were counted using a Neubauer Chamber (Sigma, São Paulo, Brazil, and the final concentration of the spore solution was adjusted to 10 6 spores ml −1 (Brandão et al . 2020).…”