Antifungal, nutritional and phytochemical investigation of Actiniopteris radiata of district Dir Lower, Pakistan

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to study the nutritional analysis, antifungal activities and find out the presence of phytochemicals in the aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts of Actiniopteris radiata collected from different areas of Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa by both quantitative and qualitative screening methods. In qualitative analysis, the phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, Phlobatannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, phenols, saponin, cardiac glycosides, proteins, volatile oils, resins, glycosides and terpenoids were screened. In quantitative analysis, the phytochemical compounds such as total phenolic and total flavonoids were quantified. The ethanolic fern extract performed well to show positivity rather than aqueous and methanolic extracts for the 13 phytochemicals. In quantitative analysis the important secondary metabolite total phenol and total flavonoids content were tested. The ethanolic extract of total flavonoids and total phenol content were highest. Also comparatively studied for nutritional analysis. Ash in Sample from Tahtbahi 26.44%, 22.83%, in sample from Luqman Banda and 6.01% in sample from Dermal Bala. Moisture was found 18.69% in sample from Luqman Banda and lowest amount was found Jandul 10.27%. Protein highest amount found in sample from Hall 4.37% and lowest amount was found in sample from Dermal Bala 0.85%. Fats highest amount 74.27% in sample from Dermal Bala and lowest amount found in sample from Shahi Benshay 47.17%. The antifungal activity of all sample were collected from different areas showed inhibition against each fungal strands. The most active among the plants was sample from Tahtbahi with 17.00mm zone of inhibition.

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“…The mice of group 3rd, 4th and 5th were injected 1ml methanolic extract solution at the dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg respectively. After the inhibition of writhes were determined (Ullah et al, 2018) [30,31,32,33] . Finally the percentage (%) of analgesic activity was used by the following formula.…”

“…The solvent was recovered by rotary vacuum evaporator and the concentrated extracts were further evaporated to get dry extracts. The dried extract was stored in an airtight bottle (Ullah et al, 2018) [30,31,32,33] .…”

“…The plant extract i.e. methanol, ethanol and aqueous were tasted for the absence or presence of phytochemical constituents' like carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins flavonoids, carbohydrates, phenols, saponin and Phlobatannins (Ullah et al, 2018) [30,31,32,33] .…”

“…For flavonoids detection, methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. Red precipitation formation of indicate the presence of flavonoids (Ullah et al, 2018) [30,31,32,33] .…”

“…They were known as far back as 380 million years ago. In our neighbor country India, Pteridophytes are mostly distributed in the Himalayan and coastal regions (Ullah et al, 2018) [30,31,32,33] . Pteridophytes also showed pharmaceutical ability and many of them are being used therapeutically (Kumar & Kaushik, 1999) [10] .…”