The objective of the present study was to study the nutritional analysis, antifungal activities and find out the presence of phytochemicals in the aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts of Actiniopteris radiata collected from different areas of Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa by both quantitative and qualitative screening methods. In qualitative analysis, the phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, Phlobatannins, flavonoids, carbohydrates, phenols, saponin, cardiac glycosides, proteins, volatile oils, resins, glycosides and terpenoids were screened. In quantitative analysis, the phytochemical compounds such as total phenolic and total flavonoids were quantified. The ethanolic fern extract performed well to show positivity rather than aqueous and methanolic extracts for the 13 phytochemicals. In quantitative analysis the important secondary metabolite total phenol and total flavonoids content were tested. The ethanolic extract of total flavonoids and total phenol content were highest. Also comparatively studied for nutritional analysis. Ash in Sample from Tahtbahi 26.44%, 22.83%, in sample from Luqman Banda and 6.01% in sample from Dermal Bala. Moisture was found 18.69% in sample from Luqman Banda and lowest amount was found Jandul 10.27%. Protein highest amount found in sample from Hall 4.37% and lowest amount was found in sample from Dermal Bala 0.85%. Fats highest amount 74.27% in sample from Dermal Bala and lowest amount found in sample from Shahi Benshay 47.17%. The antifungal activity of all sample were collected from different areas showed inhibition against each fungal strands. The most active among the plants was sample from Tahtbahi with 17.00mm zone of inhibition.

Purpose This paper explores the indigenous climate knowledge (ICK) of the Gwadar fishing community in Pakistan. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the accuracy of ICK and how climatic change brings changes to it and the social lives of local fishers. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative research methods, including participant observation, in-depth interviews and oral histories, were used to collect the data. Findings Finding from this long fieldwork shows that this fishing community has a harmonious relationship with nature and local ecology. Their knowledge of local ecology enables them to have equal access to natural resources, sustainable resource management, disaster risk reduction and strong social organization on the coast of Gwadar. Recently their deep relationship with local ecology and sociocultural organization has been disturbed due to huge climate changes caused by human manipulation of the environment. Their ability to foresee climatic events has been reduced. They are finding it impossible to estimate fish availability due to massive climate changes. Local communities are losing their traditional livelihoods and socioeconomic autonomy as a result of growing climate change. Climatic change adds to the existing poverty situation and increases political instability in the region. Practical implications The study suggests using the fishermen’s valuable indigenous knowledge of local ecology, climate and its ties to local traditions, culture and resource management for a scientific understanding of climate change and marine resource management in Gwadar, Pakistan. Originality/value This is an ethnographic study based on a long term field work. Fishing community is passing through catastrophic climatic changes in the region. This community has been ignored by both government and researchers to record their problems and bring them to academia and media. Therefore, this study will help them raise their voices.

This ethnographic encounter explores suppression and domination faced by traditional health seekers in Gwadar, Pakistan. The study aimed to provide an insight into the ways in which practicing traditional healthcare becomes a challenge when it conflicts with the assimilationist project of the state. Qualitative research methods, including in-depth interviews and participant observation, were used to collect data on the encounters of traditional health seekers with the state and dominant religion. The findings show that traditional health seeking behaviour was stereotyped as non-civilised and archaic by medical staff, and labelled as non-religious, and thus, suppressed by radical Islamist groups and other state apparatuses. This situation has further negative effects on the health of traditional health seekers as the national healthcare system does not efficiently provide the services required by this population. State laws, a general environment of fear, and threats have led this population to legal consciousness and contextual awareness; they have further adopted multiple resistance strategies to navigate and circumvent oppressive laws and domination in order to follow their traditional healthcare practices. This study suggests that national cosmopolitan healthcare services provided to the fishing community should be tailored to and not suppress the culturally specific health needs of that population. Members of the fishing community should not be compelled to abstain from their traditional healthcare and health-seeking behaviours; traditional healthcare practices should be merged with cosmopolitan ones in order to address the sociocultural issues and meet the health needs of this marginalised population.

In the present research work the ecological community study was carried out of District Lower Dir Laram Timargara Khyber Pakhtun Khwa Pakistan. Salvia-Cynodon-Berberiscommunity (SCB). This community comprises a total of 24 plants species. Among these 16 are herbaceous plants, 8 are shrubby plants, while there is no single tree species found in this community. The community is dominated by Salvia moocruftianaWall, Cynodon dactylonand Berberis lyceum. The Species richness (S.R) is 1.31055873, similarity index (S.I) is 33.33333 and its Maturity index (M.I) is 49.Verbascum-Buddleja-Cotoneastercommunity (VBC).This community comprises a total of 23 plants species. Among these 10 are herbaceous, 8 are shrubby plants, while the remaining 5 plants are tree species. The community is dominated by Verbascum thapsus, Buddleja crispa and Cotoneaster nummularia.Species richness (S.R) of the community is 1.499237, similarity index (S.I) is 30.188679while its Maturity index (M.I) is 46.Cyperus-Calotropis-Ziziphuscommunity (CCZ).This community comprises a total of 32 plants species. Among these 20 are herbaceous, 8 are shrubby plants, while the remaining 5 plants are tree species. The community is dominated by Cypres rotundus, Calotropis procera and Cotoneaster nummularia. The Spcies richness (S.R) of the community is 1.146771, similarity index (SI) is 24.39024 and its Maturity index (M.I) is 58.3783. The aim of the present study to explore the flora of Laram Timargara Mountains.

Historically, education has largely been used for political gains and to strengthen positions of power. Similarly, ruling elites in Pakistan achieve their political interests by using education as a tool. This study problematised the religious content in the secondary school science textbooks of the national curriculum. This was illustrated in the context of the post-conflict scenario of 11 September 2001 (9/11) in the newly merged tribal districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A thematic analysis of the content of the science textbooks (physics and biology) was used to develop the findings of this study. This was supported by field data gathered from students’ experiences and interactions with the sample textbooks. By incorporating Foucault’s concept of the ‘regime of truth’ and Talbani’s conceptualisation of Islamisation, the study found the use of the Qur’anic verses in the sampled textbooks to be influential ‘technologies of power and self’ to Islamise science and scientify Islam to prove it as a scientific religion. In addition, it makes education increasingly irrelevant to changing socio-economic realities and aspirations among students.Contribution: The study can contribute both to theory and practice. By Islamising science education and instilling obscurantism in textbooks for schools, there is a substantial sociopolitical impact, as well as a negative impact on students’ critical thinking skills. The policymakers and actors in the Pakistani education system should therefore pay close attention to this issue. Unless the current educational system is changed, a number of generations will experience stunted growth that will be nearly impossible to reverse in the future.