Antigen-specific IgG(T) responses in natural and experimental cyathostominae infection in horses

Dowdall, Samantha M.J.; Matthews, J. B.; Mair, T. S.; Murphy, Dermot; Love, S.; Proudman, C. J.

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00085-7

Cited by 60 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Recent work has led to the identification of two antigen complexes that have diagnostic potential for estimating mucosal larval burdens. ELISA experiments using sera from experimentally infected ponies showed that increases in larval antigen-specific IgG(T) were observed by 5-7 weeks post-infection [9]. When these responses were analysed qualitatively using Western blotting, two antigen complexes of 20 and 25 kDa in mobility were observed to be bound by IgG(T) by seven weeks post-infection [9].…”

Section: Development Of An Immunodiagnostic Assay For Mucosal Cyathosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ELISA experiments using sera from experimentally infected ponies showed that increases in larval antigen-specific IgG(T) were observed by 5-7 weeks post-infection [9]. When these responses were analysed qualitatively using Western blotting, two antigen complexes of 20 and 25 kDa in mobility were observed to be bound by IgG(T) by seven weeks post-infection [9]. Both antigens were purified by electro-elution from polyacrylamide gels and ELISA and Western blotting experiments were performed using the purified antigens.…”

Section: Development Of An Immunodiagnostic Assay For Mucosal Cyathosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent developments in research into the Cyathostominae and Anoplocephala perfoliata

et al. 2004

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-Intestinal helminths are an important cause of equine disease. Of these parasites, the Cyathostominae are the commonest group that infect horses. These nematodes consist of a complex tribe of 51 species, although individual horses tend to harbour 10 or so common species, in addition to a few rarer species. The Cyathostominae can be extremely pathogenic, and high levels of infection result in clinical symptoms ranging from chronic weight loss to colic, diarrhoea and death. As part of their life cycle, immature cyathostomins penetrate the large intestinal wall, where they can enter a state of inhibited larval development. These larvae can exist in this state for months to years, after which they subsequently re-emerge. If larvae re-emerge in large numbers (i.e. several million), severe pathological consequences ensue. The inhibited larvae are also relatively refractory to several of the currently available anthelmintics, so that horses treated previously with anthelmintics can still carry life-threatening burdens of these parasitic stages. Little is known about the cyathostomin larvae during their mucosal phase, and current research efforts are focused on investigating the biology of these stages. Much of the research described here highlights this area of research and details studies aimed at investigating the host immune responses that the mucosal larvae invoke. As part of this research effort, molecular tools have been developed to facilitate the identification of larval and egg stages of cyathostomins. These molecular tools are now proving very useful in the investigation of the relative contributions that individual, common cyathostomin species make to the pathology and epidemiology of mixed helminth infections. At the more applied level, research is also in progress to develop an immunodiagnostic test that will allow numbers of mucosal larvae to be estimated. This test utilises antigen-specific IgG(T) serum antibody responses as markers of infection. As anthelmintic resistance will be the major constraint on the future control of the Cyathostominae, researchers are now actively investigating this area and studies aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance are described. Another parasite which has assumed a clinically important role in horses is the tapeworm, Anoplocephala perfoliata. This parasite is prevalent world-wide and has been shown to be a significant cause of equine colic. Because previous methods of estimating the infection intensity of tapeworm were inaccurate, recent research has been directed at developing an immunodiagnostic ELISA for these cestodes. Specific IgG(T) responses to antigens secreted by adult tapeworms have been shown to provide a reasonable indication of infection intensity. An ELISA based on these responses is now commercially available. The steps involved in the development of this ELISA are described here. In addition to these recent advances in research, this review also outlines the principle areas for future research into these important equin...

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Section: Development Of An Immunodiagnostic Assay For Mucosal Cyathosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of An Immunodiagnostic Assay For Mucosal Cyathosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in research into the Cyathostominae and Anoplocephala perfoliata

et al. 2004

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“…Derzeit gibt es keine routinemäßigen, nichtinvasiven Verfahren, um die eingekapselten Larven in der Darmmukosa zu detektieren. Auch bei einem hohen Anteil verkapselter Larven kann das infizierte Tier eine negative Eiausscheidung aufweisen (Dowdall et al 2002). Hinweisend ist eine Erhöhung des ß-Globulinspiegels in der Serumelektrophorese.…”

Section: Tabunclassified

“…Hinweisend ist eine Erhöhung des ß-Globulinspiegels in der Serumelektrophorese. mit einer Größe von 20 kDa korreliert positiv mit der Wurmbürde im Darmlumen (Dowdall et al 2002.…”

Section: Tabunclassified

Recurrent colic caused by small strongyles with negative faecal egg count; case report and clinical update

Ertelt¹,

Samson‐Himmelstjerna²,

Schmitz³

et al. 2012

PHK

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In der Zeit von Februar bis März 2012 wurden vier Pferde mit akuter Kolik in der Klinik für Pferde der FU Berlin vorgestellt. Im Laufe der klinischen Untersuchung erhärtete sich der Verdacht einer larvalen Cyathostominose als Kolikursache. In der parasitologischen Kotuntersuchung der vier beschriebenen Fälle konnten keine Eier der kleinen Strongyliden nachgewiesen werden, wobei gleichzeitig massive Wurmbürden larvaler/präadulter Stadien vorlagen. Die larvale Cyathostominose stellt immer noch in vielen Fällen eine diagnostische Herausforderung dar. Lediglich die Befunde der klinischen Untersuchung, der koprologischen Untersuchung und der Labordiagnostik (Blutbild, Serumelektrophorese) können Hinweise liefern. Um den Infektionsdruck zu mindern und die Entwicklung der anthelmintischen Resistenz zu vermeiden, ist neben einer effizienten kontrollierten Therapie ein entsprechendes Hygienemanagement notwendig.Schlüsselwörter: kleine Strongyliden / larvale Cyathostominose / Kolik / anthelmintische Therapie / Kolitis Recurrent colic caused by small strongyles with negative faecal egg count; case report and clinical update Four horses were presented at the equine clinic of the Free University Berlin with an acute onset of colic in the time period between February and March 2012. During clinical examination cyathostomins were suspected as the main cause of colic in all four cases. No small strongyle eggs were found in the parasitological faecal examination while there was a large amount of larval/preadult cyathostomins detected in the faeces. Apart from the results of a good clinical exam, a faecal exam and laboratory work (blood work and electrophoresis), the larval cyathostominosis is still to be seen as a diagnostic challenge. To minimize the likelihood of an infection and to reduce the development of anthelmintic resistances it is important to create an effective and controlled therapeutic plan on one hand and a decent hygiene management on the other.

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“…Only a few methods using serological probes for the detection of infection by cyathostomins have been developed, based on the use of somatic complexes obtained after the sonication of L3 and L4 cyathostomin larval stages, electrophoresis in SDS-PAGE gels, and posterior elution (1,3). In this way, several antigens with diagnostic potential for estimating mucosal larval burdens were found, which could be helpful for the control of this parasitosis (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation of Potentially Useful Antigens from Cyathostomin Third-Stage Larvae by Using a Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography One-Step Method

Silva

Francisco

Rodríguez

et al. 2011

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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Three major protein complexes (51, 29, and 15 kDa, named P1 to P3, respectively) were resolved by gel filtration of the excretory/secretory antigens collected from a mixture of horse cyathostomin third-stage larvae (L3s). The potential application for the detection of infected horses was assessed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) by the comparison of the serological and copromicroscopical results. The value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was higher than 0.9 when the three peaks were used. Elevated values (>90%) for the sensitivity, specificity, and the positive-likelihood ratio were also observed for all the antigen complexes. A significant increment in the IgG antibody levels 4 weeks prior to the observation of eggs in the feces of weanlings naturally infected was recorded. Our results indicate that the evaluation of chemotherapy is possible by using immunoenzymatic probes and fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC)-purified antigens. Data collected in the present investigation indicate that FPLC isolation offers a very helpful one-step method for collecting antigens with diagnostic potential to be employed in immunoenzymatic probes.

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Antigen-specific IgG(T) responses in natural and experimental cyathostominae infection in horses

Cited by 60 publications

References 17 publications

Recent developments in research into the Cyathostominae and Anoplocephala perfoliata

Recent developments in research into the Cyathostominae and Anoplocephala perfoliata

Recurrent colic caused by small strongyles with negative faecal egg count; case report and clinical update

Isolation of Potentially Useful Antigens from Cyathostomin Third-Stage Larvae by Using a Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography One-Step Method

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