Antigenemia in Fulminant Pneumococcemia

Coonrod, J D; Leach, Richard P.

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-84-5-561

Cited by 44 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Although gram-negative sepsis is more commonly associated with ARDS, high grade pneumococcal bacteremia may also be associated with pulmonary edema (22). The activation of complement is common to both of these clinical conditions (5,23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Complement Activation in a Model of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Hosea¹,

Brown²,

Hammer³

et al. 1980

J. Clin. Invest.

136

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Complement Activation in a Model of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Hosea¹,

Brown²,

Hammer³

et al. 1980

J. Clin. Invest.

136

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“…Both reports have presented data according to the polysaccharide serovar of the pneumococcus, an approach that seems valid since most strains of any serovar behave similarly in this regard. However, we encountered infrequent examples in which different strains of the same serovar activated the alternative pathway to different degrees, introducing the possiblity that the activator may be a substance other than specific polysaccharide (3).…”

Section: Tionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical and alternative complement pathway activation by pneumococci

Stephens¹,

Williams²,

Reed³

1977

Infect Immun

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Sixty-two strains ofStreptococcus pneumoniae were studied for their abilities to consume selected components of classical and alternative complement pathways in human sera. The classical pathway was blocked by chelating calcium with ethyleneglycol-bis(,8-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid and by removing C4. The alternative pathway was blocked by removing factor B. Each strain's activation of the two pathways was compared with its nonimmune reactivity with the Fc region of immunoglobulin G (IgG). Activation of the classical complement pathway appeared to be independent of such Fc reactivity. Highly Fc-reactive strains, however, were shown to activate the alternative pathway more effectively than did less Fc-reactive strains. Since pneumococcal activation of the alternative pathway requires non-immunospecific IgG, these findings suggest that nonimmune binding of IgG on the pneumococcal surface endows it with complement-activating properties.

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“…Bukantz et al showed that mortality due to PNC disease correlates more highly with circulating capsular polysaccharide than with bacteremia (3). C-substance (TA), a potent AP activator, as well as capsular polysaccharide may diffuse into blood independent of the presence of viable organisms in the circulation (5,15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between alternative complement pathway activation, C-reactive protein, and pneumococcal infection

RABINOVITCH¹,

Koethe²,

Kalbfleisch³

et al. 1986

J Clin Microbiol

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In the absence of specific antibody, opsonization of Streptococcus pneumoniae may be mediated by the alternative complement pathway (AP) or by C-reactive protein (CRP) via C1 binding. To determine the role of these mechanisms in pneumococcal (PNC) disease, we studied 19 patients with differing severities of PNC infection. C4 and CRP levels and zymosan-induced consumption of 50% hemolytic complement (CH50) were measured in specimens obtained acutely and then weekly. In patients with complicated illness, the modified mean CH50 in acute sera was 178 +/- 57 U/ml, significantly lower than the mean CH50 of 331 +/- 80 U/ml in patients with uncomplicated illness (P less than 0.05). The values of the two groups on a given day approximated each other on days 7, 14, and 23. Consumption of complement by zymosan was also lower in acute sera of patients with complicated illness, with a mean value of 19 +/- 18 U/ml compared with 58 +/- 30 U/ml in those with uncomplicated illness (P less than 0.05). This difference was also seen on day 7 (P less than 0.05). Disease involving lower-numbered PNC serotypes (less than 10) correlated with reduced availability of AP factors in acute sera, independent of illness severity. Mean CRP levels were inversely related to zymosan-induced complement activation in patients with complicated illness. These data suggest that in vivo depletion of AP factors is significantly greater in patients with complicated illness and is associated with high CRP levels. CRP may enhance AP activation via C3 convertase generation and function with it as a preantibody host defense mechanism.

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Antigenemia in Fulminant Pneumococcemia

Cited by 44 publications

References 14 publications

Role of Complement Activation in a Model of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Role of Complement Activation in a Model of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Classical and alternative complement pathway activation by pneumococci

Relationships between alternative complement pathway activation, C-reactive protein, and pneumococcal infection

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