Antigenic fingerprinting of diphtheria toxoid adsorbed to aluminium phosphate

Westdijk, Janny; Metz, Bernard; Spruit, Nanda; Tilstra, Wichard; Gun, Johan van der; Hendriksen, Coenraad; Kersten, Gideon

doi:10.1016/j.biologicals.2016.10.005

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In addition, the specific adsorption of antigens can be determined with panels of monoclonal antibodies by either plate-based fluorescence or flow cytometry. 56 – 59 These assays require well-characterized antigen-specific antibodies, but have the advantage that the adsorption of specific antigen can be determined in combination vaccines that contain multiple antigens. In addition, such studies can provide information about the structural stability of the adsorbed antigens.…”

Section: Formulation Of Vaccines With Aluminum Adjuvantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 81 The effect of adsorption on the accessibility and integrity of B-cell epitopes can be readily probed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies using flow cytometry, solid phase or surface plasmon resonance assays. 56 – 59 , 82 Antigens adsorbed by relatively weak interactions readily desorb upon exposure to interstitial fluid following injection of a vaccine. 83 , 84 Some antigens that have undergone partial unfolding following adsorption can refold following desorption.…”

Section: Formulation Of Vaccines With Aluminum Adjuvantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing the utilization of aluminum adjuvants in vaccines: you might just get what you want

2018

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Aluminum-containing adjuvants have been used for over 90 years to enhance the immune response to vaccines. Recent work has significantly advanced our understanding of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of these adjuvants, offering key insights on underlying mechanisms. Given the long-term success of aluminum adjuvants, we believe that they should continue to represent the “gold standard” against which all new adjuvants should be compared. New vaccine candidates that require adjuvants to induce a protective immune responses should first be evaluated with aluminum adjuvants before other more experimental approaches are considered, since use of established adjuvants would facilitate both clinical development and the regulatory pathway. However, the continued use of aluminum adjuvants requires an appreciation of their complexities, in combination with access to the necessary expertise to optimize vaccine formulations. In this article, we will review the properties of aluminum adjuvants and highlight those elements that are critical to optimize vaccine performance. We will discuss how other components (excipients, TLR ligands, etc.) can affect the interaction between adjuvants and antigens, and impact the potency of vaccines. This review provides a resource and guide, which will ultimately contribute to the successful development of newer, more effective and safer vaccines.

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Section: Formulation Of Vaccines With Aluminum Adjuvantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formulation Of Vaccines With Aluminum Adjuvantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the utilization of aluminum adjuvants in vaccines: you might just get what you want

2018

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“…A.1). The results indicated that fBC-2 had specific sites or specific functional groups on its surface that interacted with chloramphenicol repeatedly, which clearly indicated some kind of "fingerprinting effect" (Westdijk et al, 2017). The successful cycles of application and desorption of chloramphenicol using fBC-2 showed almost the same results as those of virgin fBC-2.…”

Section: Fingerprinting Effect Regeneration and Reusability Of Fbc-2mentioning

confidence: 81%

Chloramphenicol interaction with functionalized biochar in water: sorptive mechanism, molecular imprinting effect and repeatable application

Ahmed

Zhou

Ngo

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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Biochar and functionalized biochar (fBC-1 and fBC-2) were prepared and applied to remove antibiotic chloramphenicol from deionized water, lake water and synthetic wastewater. Results showed that chloramphenicol removal on biochar was pH dependent and maximum sorption occurred at pH4.0-4.5. The sorption data of chloramphenicol fitted better with the Langmuir isotherm model than the Freundlich isotherm model with the maximum Langmuir sorption capacity of 233μMg using fBC-2. Chloramphenicol sorption on fBC-2 followed the trend: deionized water>lake water>synthetic wastewater. The presence of humic acid decreased the sorption distribution coefficient (K) while the presence of low ionic strength and soil in solution increased K value significantly. The mechanism of sorption on fBC mainly involved electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) interactions at pH<2.0; formation of charge assisted hydrogen bond (CAHB) and hydrogen bonds in addition to EDA in the pH4.0-4.5; and CAHB and EDA interactions at pH>7.0. Additionally, solvent and thermal regeneration of fBC-2 for repeatable applications showed excellent sorption of chloramphenicol under the same condition, due to the creation of a molecular imprinting effect in fBC-2. Consequently, fBC-2 can be applied with excellent reusability properties to remove chloramphenicol and other similar organic contaminants.

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“…Other ELISAs for antigen quantification have shown to be successful in determining the potency of some but not all inactivated vaccines and toxoid vaccines, but these are not yet fully validated and/or approved by the regulatory authorities in Europe. These include tests for infectious bronchitis virus and infectious bursal disease virus vaccines for poultry, furunculosis vaccines for salmonids, tetanus vaccines for human and veterinary use, and diphtheria vaccines for human use [30][31][32][33][34][35]. In addition to the ELISA, another important antigen quantification method is the immunodiffusion test, which is used to determine the content of hemagglutinin antigens of inactivated or subunit influenza vaccines [36].…”

Section: Article Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming scientific barriers in the transition fromin vivoto non-animal batch testing of human and veterinary vaccines

Biggelaar

Hoefnagel

Vandebriel

et al. 2021

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Introduction: Before release, vaccine batches are assessed for quality to evaluate whether they meet the product specifications. Vaccine batch tests, in particular of inactivated and toxoid vaccines, still largely rely on in vivo methods. Improved vaccine production processes, ethical concerns, and suboptimal performance of some in vivo tests have led to the development of in vitro alternatives.Areas covered: This review describes the scientific constraints that need to be overcome for replacement of in vivo batch tests, as well as potential solutions. Topics include the critical quality attributes of vaccines that require testing, the use of cell-based assays to mimic aspects of in vivo vaccine-induced immune responses, how difficulties with testing adjuvanted vaccines in vitro can be overcome, the use of altered batches to validate new in vitro test methods, and how cooperation between different stakeholders is key to moving the transition forward. Expert opinion: For safety testing, many in vitro alternatives are already available or at an advanced level of development. For potency testing, in vitro alternatives largely comprise immunochemical methods that assess several, but not all critical vaccine properties. One-to-one replacement by in vitro alternatives is not always possible and a combination of methods may be required.

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Antigenic fingerprinting of diphtheria toxoid adsorbed to aluminium phosphate

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Optimizing the utilization of aluminum adjuvants in vaccines: you might just get what you want

Optimizing the utilization of aluminum adjuvants in vaccines: you might just get what you want

Chloramphenicol interaction with functionalized biochar in water: sorptive mechanism, molecular imprinting effect and repeatable application

Overcoming scientific barriers in the transition fromin vivoto non-animal batch testing of human and veterinary vaccines

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