“…One is microvascular disease, including diabetic nephropathy (DN), diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic encephalopathy (DE), and so forth. The other is macrovascular disease such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). , At present, the most common treatments for diabetes include metformin, exogenous insulin, sulfonylureas, and so forth . However, the side effects of these hypoglycemic drugs, such as hypoglycemia, gastrointestinal distress, and individual auditory and vestibular impairment, seriously affect patient medication adherence and even health. − While for diabetic complications, which are difficult to cure, prevention strategies are usually the best alternative options .…”