Risk factors for diabetic foot complications among patients with type 2 diabetes in Austria–A registry‐based retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents one of the major public health concerns worldwide. Global estimates indicate that 463 million people aged 18-99 years are currently affected by DM and this number is projected to increase to over 700 million people by 2045. The rising prevalence of diabetes can be explained by ageing, population growth and lifestyle alterations. 1-3 Diabetic patients face a high

Association of Non-Dipping Blood Pressure Patterns with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Cross-Sectional Study among a Population with Diabetes in Greece

“…Our results also showed that, in contrast to men with T2DM, women have a lower risk of developing DPN. In agreement with other studies, such as by Rossboth et al [ 16 ], this may be explained by the fact that the majority of men with T2DM lack adherence to antidiabetic therapy, resist lifestyle changes and the cessation of smoking, and are more vulnerable to minor trauma of the feet. On the contrary, Khan et al [ 17 ] showed that the female gender is more susceptible to DPN progression.…”

Risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Five studies 5,6,20,25,28 analyzed gender (I 2 = 7%, P = 0.37) using a fixed effects model and showed that men were a risk factor for developing of DFU [OR = 1.84, 95% CI (1.48, 2.29), p < 0.00,001], see Figure 3

Figure 3.Forest plot of the effect of gender on the event of DFU.

…”

“…Seven studies 5,7,14,15,19,20,22 analyzed age (I 2 = 77%, p = 0.0003) using a random effects model and showed that advanced age was a risk factor for developing of DFU [MD = 6.04, 95% CI (3.92, 8.16), p < 0.00,001], see Figure 2 Gender. Five studies 5,6,20,25,28 analyzed gender (I 2 = 7%, P = 0.37) using a fixed effects model and showed that men were a risk factor for developing of DFU [OR = 1.84, 95% CI (1.48, 2.29), p < 0.00,001], see Figure 3 Body Mass Index (BMI). Six studies [20][21][22][23]26,29 analyzed BMI (I 2 = 88%, p < 0.00,001) using a random effects model and showed that elevated BMI was a risk factor for developing of DFU [MD = 1.58, 95% CI (0.47, 2.69), p = 0.005], see Figure 4 Disease history Duration of diabetes.…”

“…55 Studies have shown that elevated blood pressure causes diastolic dysfunction and thickening of the intima-media layer of the arteries, leading to atherosclerosis, which is associated with the development and progression of DFU. 28 Several studies 5,7,10,23 have shown that elevated SBP is a risk factor for developing of DFU. It is advisable to control SBP to 120∼130 mmHg in diabetic patients, and SBP is recommended to be 130∼139 mmHg in those over 65 years of age.…”

“…67 FIB reflects hypercoagulability and reduced fibrinolytic activity of the body and is mainly involved in hemostasis and thrombosis. Elevated levels of FIB reduce the [5,7,10,[17][18]21] 6 90% < 0.00001 Random -0.26 (-0.36,-0.16) < 0.00001 FPG [5,[12][13]21,29] 5 86% < 0.00001 Random 1.60 (0.21,3.00) 0.02 HbA1c [4,[5][6][9][10]12,[20][21][23][24]26,[28][29] 13 83% < 0.00001 Random 1.24 (0.94,1.54) < 0.00001 Total protein [6,10,[12][13] 4 81% 0.001 Random -4.58 (-6.91,-2.25) 0.0001 TG [6][7]15,21] 4 83% 0.0004 Random 0.44 (0.15,0.73) 0.003 HDL-C [6][7][14][15]20,23] 6 97% < 0.00001 Random -0.35 (-0.54,-0.15) 0.0006 FIB [6,10,[15][16][20][21][22] 7 94% < 0.00001 Random 1.35 (0.62,2.08) 0.0003 WBC [7]…”