Antihypertensive Activities of Beni-Koji Extracts and .GAMMA.-Aminobutyric Acid in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Tsuji, Kiichiro; Ichikawa, Tomio; Tanabe, Nobukazu; Abe, Shirou; Tarui, S; Nakagawa, Yasue

doi:10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.50.285

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Gabaron tea (Oomori et al, 1987), extracts of beni-koji (Tsuji et al, 1992), and a particular germ of rice (Onoda et al, 1998) were included among these supplements. However, these dietary materials or products contain many ingredients besides GABA, and their effects were not ruled out, although it was presumed that the hypotensive effect was due to the presence of GABA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood-pressure-lowering effect of a novel fermented milk containing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in mild hypertensives

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To study the effect of a new fermented milk product containing GABA (FMG) on the blood pressure (BP) of patients with mild hypertension. Design: A randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind trial. Setting: The study was carried out at the outpatient clinic of the Cardiovascular Disease Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital, Japan. Subjects: The study population comprised 39 mildly hypertensive patients (16 women and 23 men) aged 28 -81 y (mean, 54.2 y). Interventions: The study consisted of a 12-week period of daily intake of FMG or placebo (weeks 1 -12) followed by 2 weeks of no intake (weeks 13 and 14). We measured the peripheral BP and heart rate of seated patients at weeks 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 14. Routine blood study and urinalysis were performed before and after the intake. Results: There was a significant decrease of BP within 2 or 4 weeks, and it remained decreased throughout the 12-week intake period. For the FMG recipients, the mean decrease after 12 weeks was 17.4 AE 4.3 mmHg in the systolic BP (SBP) and 7.2 AE 5.7 mmHg in the diastolic BP (DBP). Both of these values differed statistically from baseline levels (P < 0.01), and the SBP of the FMG group differed from the placebo group (P < 0.05). Heart rate, body weight, hematological and blood chemistry variables, and urinalysis results (glucosuria and proteinuria) did not vary both groups throughout the study. Conclusion: FMG may contribute to lowering BP in mildly hypertensive people.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood-pressure-lowering effect of a novel fermented milk containing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in mild hypertensives

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GABA has several physiological effects on the human body, including neurotransmitting, hypotensive and diuretic effects. Several attempts to enrich GABA in functional foods have been reported: GABArich green tea produced by anaerobic treatment of green tea (Ohmori et al, 1987), GABA accumulation in red mold rice (Tsuji et al, 1992), GABA accumulation in rice germ by soaking in water (Saikusa et al, 1994), GABA enrichment in brown rice by high-pressure treatment (Kinefuchi et al, 1999) and GABA production by lactic acid bacteria .We have recently found high GAD activity in Aspergillus oryzae cultured in a liquid medium, and it was specially rich in A. oryzae used for miso and sake brewing (Tsuchiya & Nishimura, 2002a). Furthermore, we also reported that the batch reactor using pellet form mycelium of A. oryzae (for miso production), which was cultured in liquid medium achieved an extremely high GABA production rate (8.5 mmol GABA/g Aspergillus mycelium/h) (Tsuchiya et al, 2002b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification and Characterization of Glutamate Decarboxylase from Aspergillus oryzae

Tsuchiya

Nishimura

Iwahara

2003

FSTR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We purified glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) [EC4.1.1.15] from Aspergillus oryzae and characterized its biochemical and kinetic properties. GAD was purified by ammonium sulfate at 30-70% saturation and chromatographies on Sephacryl S-300, DEAE-FF and CM-FF. The purification of GAD from the crude enzyme solution was 40-fold and the recovery rate was 4.9%. About 230 g of purified enzyme was obtained from 20 g of the mycelia of A. oryzae. The purified preparation of the enzyme showed a single protein band on SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of purified GAD by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration was estimated to be 48 kDa and 300 kDa, respectively, suggesting that purified GAD had a hexameric structure. The K m value for L-glutamic acid, a substrate of the enzyme, was estimated to be 13 mM. The optimum pH and temperature of GAD were 5.5 and 60˚C, respectively. The GAD activity was stable up to 40˚C.Keywords: glutamate decarboxylase, Aspergillus oryzae, purification, ␥-amino-butyric acid Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; EC4.1.1.15) produces ␥-amino-butyric acid (GABA) from glutamate. GABA has several physiological effects on the human body, including neurotransmitting, hypotensive and diuretic effects. Several attempts to enrich GABA in functional foods have been reported: GABArich green tea produced by anaerobic treatment of green tea (Ohmori et al., 1987), GABA accumulation in red mold rice (Tsuji et al., 1992), GABA accumulation in rice germ by soaking in water (Saikusa et al., 1994), GABA enrichment in brown rice by high-pressure treatment (Kinefuchi et al., 1999) and GABA production by lactic acid bacteria .We have recently found high GAD activity in Aspergillus oryzae cultured in a liquid medium, and it was specially rich in A. oryzae used for miso and sake brewing (Tsuchiya & Nishimura, 2002a). Furthermore, we also reported that the batch reactor using pellet form mycelium of A. oryzae (for miso production), which was cultured in liquid medium achieved an extremely high GABA production rate (8.5 mmol GABA/g Aspergillus mycelium/h) (Tsuchiya et al., 2002b).GAD is widely distributed in animate nature. In mammals, GAD has been purified from human brain (Blindermann et al., 1978) and mouse brain (Wu et al., 1973). In higher plants, GAD has been purified from squash (Matsumoto et al., 1986). In bacteria, the enzymatic properties of GAD have been reported in both Escherichia coli (Shikuya & Schwert, 1960;Fonda, 1985) and Lactobacillus brevis . Although GAD obtained from A. oryzae has not been purified, the gene was recently cloned and the nucleotide sequence was determined (Iwai et al., 2001). The detailed biochemical nature of the enzyme is unclear, which we believe important in promoting the GABA production in food processing by effective utilization of the GAD from A. oryzae. In this study, we purified GAD from the mycelium of A. oryzae and examined some biochemical characteristics of the enzyme. Materials and MethodsMicroorganism and the culture conditions Aspergillus oryzae used in this study was isolated from tane-koji SR-108...

show abstract

“…Stanton et al (1963) showed that GABA significantly decreases blood pressure in mammals. Tsuji et al (1992) showed that intake of red yeast rice can decrease blood pressure due to its GABA content, and antihypertensive effects have been shown for many foods that contain GABA, including Gabaron tea (Omori et al, 1987;Hayashi et al, 2000), green tea (Abe et al, 1995), chlorella , Agaricus Blazei Murrill (Watanabe et al, 2002), pumpkin (Uzawa et al, 2002), soybeans (Aoki et al, 2003), and Pretio (Hayakawa, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antihypertensive Effect of Pre-germinated Brown Rice in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Ebizuka

Ihara

Arita

2009

FSTR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We examined the effects of pre-germinated brown rice on hypertension and biochemical analysis of blood in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) fed a diet including 40% pre-germinated brown rice. A significant antihypertensive effect (p < 0.01) was found from day 10 of food intake, compared to controls. At completion of the test period (8 weeks), SBP in the control and test groups were 207.4 ± 5.3 and 151.6 ± 4.5 mmHg, respectively, showing a significant (p < 0.001) and strong antihypertensive effect of pregerminated brown rice. The cholesterol levels in the control and test groups were 45.3 ± 5.4 and 37.5 ± 3.9 mg/dL, respectively, which also showed a significant difference (p < 0.01). Taken together, pre-germinated brown rice has an antihypertensive effect and decreases serum cholesterol in SHRs. These effects may be due to complex actions of various components abundantly found in the rice, including γ-aminobutyric acid, dietary fiber, phytic acid and ferulic acid.

show abstract

Antihypertensive Activities of Beni-Koji Extracts and .GAMMA.-Aminobutyric Acid in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

Blood-pressure-lowering effect of a novel fermented milk containing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in mild hypertensives

Blood-pressure-lowering effect of a novel fermented milk containing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in mild hypertensives

Purification and Characterization of Glutamate Decarboxylase from Aspergillus oryzae

Antihypertensive Effect of Pre-germinated Brown Rice in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About