“…JNK1 and JNK2 are found in all cells and tissues of the body, whereas JNK3 is expressed mainly in the brain, heart, and testicles [ 2 ]. Previous studies show that JNKs play an important role in the regulation of signaling pathways involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and necrosis [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ] and in a wide range of diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, insulin resistance, inflammatory bowel diseases, cancer, stroke, renal ischemia, essential hypertension, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”