Antihypertensive and Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme (ACE)-Inhibitory Peptides from Fish as Potential Cardioprotective Compounds

Abstract

The term metabolic/cardiometabolic/insulin resistance syndrome could generally be defined as the co-occurrence of several risk factors inclusive of systemic arterial hypertension. Not only that organizations, such as the world health organization (WHO) have identified high blood pressure as one of the main risk factors of the cardiometabolic syndrome, but there is also a link between the occurrence of insulin resistance/impaired glucose tolerance and hypertension that would consequently lead to type-2 diabetes (T2D). Hypertension is medicated by various classes of synthetic drugs; however, severe or mild adverse effects have been repeatedly reported. To avoid and reduce these adverse effects, natural alternatives, such as bioactive peptides derived from different sources have drawn the attention of researchers. Among all types of biologically active peptides inclusive of marine-derived ones, this paper’s focus would solely be on fish and fishery by-processes’ extracted peptides and products. Isolation and fractionation processes of these products alongside their structural, compositional and digestion stability characteristics have likewise been briefly discussed to better address the structure-activity relationship, expanding the reader’s knowledge on research and discovery trend of fish antihypertensive biopeptides. Furthermore, drug-likeness of selected biopeptides was predicted by Lipinski’s rules to differentiate a drug-like biopeptide from nondrug-like one.

Enzymatic fish protein hydrolysates in finfish aquaculture: a review

“…Furthermore, a number of studies have reported antioxidant, antimicrobial and antihypertensive properties in FPH (Abachi et al 2019;V azquez et al 2019), and hence, the potential of FPH as alternative to dietary antibiotics should be explored. This will open new opportunities for the development of safe, efficient and cost-effective strategies for the prevention and alleviation of many diseases in aquaculture.…”

“…Furthermore, a number of studies have reported antioxidant, antimicrobial and antihypertensive properties in FPH (Abachi et al . 2019; Vázquez et al . 2019), and hence, the potential of FPH as alternative to dietary antibiotics should be explored.…”

Benefits under the Sea: The Role of Marine Compounds in Neurodegenerative Disorders

“…On the basis on the evidence reported above, marine organisms attracted scientists’ interest for the potential biological activities of their primary and secondary metabolites. Terpenes, shikimates, polyketides, acetogenins, peptides, alkaloids, and many uncharacterized structures, extracted and purified from marine resources [ 9 ], showed various pharmacological activities as antioxidant [ 10 ], antibacterial [ 11 ], anticancer [ 12 ], antiviral [ 13 ], anti-inflammatory [ 14 ], antidiabetic [ 15 ], antihypertensive [ 16 ], and anticoagulant [ 17 ]. This review reports the main marine products and their derivatives, describing their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.…”

Recent Advances in Marine-Based Nutraceuticals and Their Health Benefits

“…Natural components with ACE inhibitory capacity have become a focus of hypertension treatment studies. The peptide sequence of ACE-inhibitory peptides from marine organisms with strong ACE inhibitor capacity have been studied ( Table 4 ) and their activity described [ 5 , 130 , 237 , 238 , 239 ].…”