Antiinflammatory Properties of the Stem‐bark ofAnopyxis klaineanaand its Major Constituent, Methyl Angolensate

Abstract

Anopyxis klaineana (Pierre) Engl. (Rhizophoraceae) is one of the reputed West African folkloric medicines that has never been investigated for its pharmacological effects or phytochemical constituents. In the present study, the antiinflammatory properties of the stem-bark extracts were evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw oedema model in chicks. The petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts all showed a time and dose-dependent antiinflammatory effect over the 5-h observation period. Phytochemical analysis of the most active extract (methanol extract) yielded the principal constituent that was identified as methyl angolensate through extensive spectroscopic and X-ray analysis studies. Although slightly less potent (ED50 , 4.05 ± 0.0034 mg/kg, orally) than the positive control, diclofenac (ED50 , 2.49 ± 0.023, intraperitoneally n = 5), this first ever compound isolated from A. klaineana showed promising antiinflammatory activity that may account to some of the reported medicinal uses of the plant.

The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids

“…More scientific research is however need to substantiate this conclusion. In view of limonoids from other natural sources are generally known to have potent anti-inflammatory effects, e.g., [191], the above-mentioned pharmacological effects of citrus limonoids merit further investigation.…”

Erythroivorensin: A novel anti-inflammatory diterpene from the root-bark of Erythrophleum ivorense (A Chev.)

“…The foot volumes were individually normalized as percentage of change from their values at time zero and then averaged for each treatment group. The total inflammation during the entire observation period for each treatment was also calculated in arbitrary unit as the area under the curve (AUC) and compared with the untreated control group [13]. All experimental protocols were in compliance with the National Institute of Health guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals and were approved by the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, KNUST Ethics Committee.…”

“…1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and 2 D NMR (COSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) spectra were obtained on a JEOL 500 MHz instrument. Homonuclear 1 H connectivities were determined by using the COSY experiment.…”

“…The carrageenan foot edema model in chick was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of test samples [13]. Seven day-old chicks (weighing between 40 and 60 g) were put into groups of five animals.…”

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“…Therefore in a continuing effort to identify the bioactive constituents from tropical medicinal plants [3][4][5][6] , this study investigated the antioxidant …”