Antimalarial activity of Carica papaya (Family: Caricaceae) leaf extract against Plasmodium falciparum

Murugan, Kadarkarai; Panneerselvam, Chinnakkannu; Aarthi, N.; Kumar, Palanisamy Mahesh; Subramaniam, Jayapal; Amerasan, Duraisamy; Kovendan, Kalimuthu; Vincent, Savariar

doi:10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60171-6

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Traditionally, different parts of the papaya plant are used in the treatment of various ailments such as asthma, ulcers, eczema, diabetes, helminth infections and fever (Nguyen et al 2013). Research also demonstrated its beneficial traditional role in wound healing, and in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, dengue fever, cancer, malaria, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, fungal diseases and as a male contraceptive (Gupta et al 1990;Nayak et al 2007;Goyal et al 2010;Otsuki et al 2010;Iyer et al 2011;Pedro et al 2011;Kovendan et al 2012;Yasmeen & Prabhu 2012;Nunes et al 2013). Papaya extracts have also been reported to have significant anti-inflammatory activity (Owoyele et al 2008;Lee et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of Carica papaya

Pandey

Cabot

Shaw

et al. 2016

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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Chronic inflammation is linked with the generation and progression of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes and atherosclerosis, and anti-inflammatory drugs therefore have the potential to assist in the treatment of these conditions. Carica papaya is a tropical plant that is traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments including inflammatory conditions. A literature search was conducted by using the keywords ''papaya'', ''anti-inflammatory and inflammation'' and ''immunomodulation and immune'' along with cross-referencing. Both in vitro and in vivo investigation studies were included. This is a review of all studies published since 2000 on the antiinflammatory activity of papaya extracts and their effects on various immune-inflammatory mediators. Studies on the anti-inflammatory activities of recognized phytochemicals present in papaya are also included. Although in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that papaya extracts and papaya-associated phytochemicals possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, clinical studies are lacking. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of Carica papaya

Pandey

Cabot

Shaw

et al. 2016

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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“…Additionally, among other biologically active constituents, papaya also includes cysteine proteinases as chymopapain and papain (2,10), whose biological activity is often analyzed through the proteolytic activity, particularly the papain activity (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herb-drug Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Carica Papaya Extract and Amiodarone in Rats

Rodrigues¹,

Alves

Francisco

et al. 2014

J Pharm Pharm Sci

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Purpose - Carica papaya has been traditionally used worldwide in folk medicine to treat a wide range of ailments in humans, including the management of obesity and digestive disorders. However, scientific information about its potential to interact with conventional drugs is lacking. Thus, this work aimed to investigate the interference of a standardized C. papaya extract (GMP certificate) on the systemic exposure to amiodarone (a narrow therapeutic index drug) in rats. Methods - In the first pharmacokinetic study, rats were simultaneously co-administered with a single-dose of C. papaya (1230 mg/kg, p.o.) and amiodarone (50 mg/kg, p.o.); in the second study, rats were pre-treated for 14 days with C. papaya (1230 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and received amiodarone (50 mg/kg, p.o.) on the 15th day. Rats of the control groups received the herbal extract vehicle. Blood samples were collected before dosing and at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h following amiodarone administration; in addition, at 24 h post-dose, blood and tissues (heart, liver, kidneys and lungs) were also harvested. Thereafter, the concentrations of amiodarone and its major metabolite (mono-N-desethylamiodarone) were determined in plasma and tissue samples employing a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection method previously developed and validated. Results - In both studies was observed a delay in attaining the maximum plasma concentrations of amiodarone (tmax) in the rats treated with the extract. Nevertheless, it must be highlighted the marked increase (60-70%) of the extent of amiodarone systemic exposure (as assessed by AUC0-t and AUC0-∞) in the rats pre-treated with C. papaya comparatively with the control (vehicle) group. Conclusions – The results herein found suggest an herb-drug interaction between C. papaya extract and amiodarone, which clearly increase the drug bioavailability. To reliably assess the clinical impact of these findings appropriate human studies should be conducted.This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

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“…Different solvent extract of any particular plant held different antimalarial activity. Most of the antiplasmodial studies reported so far against these plants used aqueous and organic solvent extracts of [26,27,28]. The present study aims to investigate the antimalarial properties of crude alkaloidal extract of C. papaya, D. innoxia and R. communis against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%