Antimalarial Activity of Tinospora baenzigeri against Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

Abstract

Plant species of the genus Tinospora (Menispermaceae) possess several pharmacological properties, and T. crispa has been reported to have antimalarial activity. T. baenzigeri (Chingcha Chalee) is a rich source of terpenes and quinoline alkaloids; however, it still has not yet been investigated the antimalarial activity of this plant extract. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate the antimalarial activity of T. baenzigeri stem extract against Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. The aqueous crude extract of T. baenzigeri stem was prepared using a microwave-assisted method and tested for acute toxicity in mice. For evaluating the antimalarial activity in vivo, the standard 4-day test was carried out using groups of ICR mice infected with P. berghei ANKA administered orally by gavage with the extract (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) for 4 consecutive days. Parasitemia, body weight, packed cell volume, and mean survival time were then measured. It was found that the aqueous crude extract of T. baenzigeri stem did not exhibit any sign of toxicity up to the dose of 2,000 mg/kg. The extract significantly (P<0.01) inhibited parasitemia in a dose-dependent manner, with 22.02%, 50.81%, and 74.95% inhibition. Moreover, the marked prevention of body weight loss and packed cell volume reduction was observed at doses of 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg of extract-treated mice. Additionally, the extract prolonged the mean survival time of P. berghei-infected mice, compared to the untreated group. In conclusion, the aqueous crude extract of T. baenzigeri stem has demonstrated potent antimalarial activity against P. berghei-infected mice with prolonged mean survival time and prevention of body weight loss and packed cell volume reduction.

Antiplasmodial effect and sub-acute toxicity of alkaloid, flavonoid and phenolic extracts ofSida acutaleaf onPlasmodium berghei-infected animals

“…Malaria is a public health and life-threatening infectious disease caused by a parasitic protozoan of the Plasmodium genus and transmitted via the bite of Anopheles mosquito [1]. Malaria is one of the major tropical diseases with a global estimate of 219 million incidence and ∼ 445,000 malarial deaths in 2017 [2].…”

In vivo antiplasmodial activity of an aqueous extract of leafy stems of Ipomoea pes-caprea (L.) R.Br. in Swiss mice infected with Plasmodium berghei

“…This could reflect a decrease in the virulence of P. berghei in the presence of I. pes-caprea. The effect of the 200 mg/kg dose on animal survival is similar to that of other medicinal plants used in traditional medicine against malaria; that is, were methanolic extracts of A. cordifolia at 360 mg/kg and aqueous extracts of Tinospora baenzigeri at 500 mg/kg, which showed survival times similar to those of chloroquine (Nnamdi et al, 2017;Ounjaijean et al, 2019).…”

Indian herb Tinospora cordifolia and Tinospora species: Phytochemical and therapeutic application

“…T. crisp a has been used in the management of thirst, heat-clearing, and hunger resistance, as well as in the treatment of diabetes [ 12 ]. T. baenzigeri in traditional medicine is useful in curing antimalarial, diarrhoea, cold, headache, and fever [ 21 ], as indicated in Table 1 .…”

“… [ [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] ] Stem, aerial part Osteoporosis and IgA neuropathy are brought on by glucocorticoids in early inflammatory arthritis. [ [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] ] T. crispa Whole plant Anti-diabetic [ 44 ] Stem Anti-inflammatory [ 45 ] T. baenzigeri stem Antimalarial [ 21 ] T. sinensis Root Diuretic, immunomodulatory, acute rheumatoid arthritis, Antidepressant and aphrodisiac activity, [ 46 , 47 ] Whole plant Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, Activity of hyperlipidemia …”