Antimalarial Activity of Plant Metabolites

Malaria is an Anopheles mosquito-borne transmissible illness that afflicts other animals and humans globally, particularly in tropical Africa. The investigation of the phytochemical, acute toxicity and in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the leaves of Ficus elastica Roxb.exHornem was carried out to examine its impacts on mice infected with the malaria parasite. The presence of glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoid, phenolics, tannins and eugenols with no traces of steroids was revealed by the phytochemical screening of the methanol extract of Fiscus elastica. The acute toxicity investigation revealed that the plant extract is comparatively harmless within the 14 days of administered doses of 100 mg/kg, 500 mg/ kg and 1000 mg/kg. In vivo, cell-growth inhibition assessment of the graded doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of the F. elastica tree bark methanol extract (FBME) against Plasmodium berghei strain revealed a significant rise in the inhibitory activity (68%, 70% and 71%) as the concentration of the methanol extract of F. elastica Roxb.exHornem increased. For the prophylactic study against P. berghei, the level of significance also increases as the administered doses of the FBME (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) increased when compared to the control (0.2 ml distil water and 10 mg/kg chloroquine). The result signifies that methanol leave extract of F. elastica Roxb.exHornem posses' significant antiplasmodial activities and could be used for treating malaria parasites.

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“…2). The inhibiting capability of the extract of F. elastica on P. berghei has been reported by other studies [40,41].…”

Section: Phytochemical Analysissupporting

confidence: 77%

Investigation of the Anti-malaria Potency and Chemical Constituents of the Bark Extracts of Ficus elastica in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice

et al. 2020

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“…To ascertain the evolutionary relationships among CHS/STS genes of marine photosynthetic organisms and the well-studied terrestrial counterpart (land plants), we included in our analysis the sequences of STS, CHS and CHS-like genes of representative organisms from different taxonomic categories (Tables S2). As outgroups, we used the sequences of 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) from Chalcone synthase plays a key role in the synthesis of several metabolites (mostly flavonoids) that work as floral pigments, antibiotics, UV protectants and insect repellents [38][39][40]. Flavonoids are also useful for human health, working as cancer chemopreventive [41][42][43], antioxidant [44][45][46], anti-asthmatic [47][48][49], anti-inflammatory [50][51][52], anti-microbial [53][54][55] and anti-malarial [56][57][58] agents. Similarly, resveratrol, produced by the enzyme stilbene synthase, has proven to be a potent anti-angiogenic [59][60][61], anti-diabetic [62][63][64], anti-cancer [65][66][67], anti-viral [68][69][70], cardioprotective [71][72][73] and neuroprotective [74][75][76] compound, as well as a more powerful antioxidant and vasorelaxant than naringenin…”

Section: Sequence Alignment Trimming and Phylogenetic Inferencementioning

confidence: 99%

In Silico Identification of Type III PKS Chalcone and Stilbene Synthase Homologs in Marine Photosynthetic Organisms

Luca

Lauritano

2020

Biology

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Marine microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms at the base of the marine food webs. They are characterized by huge taxonomic and metabolic diversity and several species have been shown to have bioactivities useful for the treatment of human pathologies. However, the compounds and the metabolic pathways responsible for bioactive compound synthesis are often still unknown. In this study, we aimed at analysing the microalgal transcriptomes available in the Marine Microbial Eukaryotic Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP) database for an in silico search of polyketide synthase type III homologs and, in particular, chalcone synthase (CHS) and stilbene synthase (STS), which are often referred to as the CHS/STS family. These enzymes were selected because they are known to produce compounds with biological properties useful for human health, such as cancer chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-viral and anti-diabetic. In addition, we also searched for 4-Coumarate: CoA ligase, an upstream enzyme in the synthesis of chalcones and stilbenes. This study reports for the first time the occurrence of these enzymes in specific microalgal taxa, confirming the importance for microalgae of these pathways and giving new insights into microalgal physiology and possible biotechnological applications for the production of bioactive compounds.

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“…In this respect, medicinal plants are potential resources in the search for antimalarial agents. This is because most of these plants are rich in secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and quercetin that have been reported to have antimalarial activity [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimalarial Activity of Kaempferol and Its Combination with Chloroquine in Plasmodium berghei Infection in Mice

Somsak

Damkaew

Onrak

2018

Journal of Pathogens

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The search for new antimalarial drugs has become an urgent requirement due to resistance to the available drugs and the lack of an effective vaccine. In this respect, the present study aimed to evaluate the antimalarial activity of kaempferol against Plasmodium berghei infection in mice as an in vivo model. Chronic toxicity and antimalarial activities of kaempferol alone and in combination with chloroquine were investigated in P. berghei ANKA infected ICR mice using standard procedures. The results showed that chronic administration of 2,000 mg/kg of kaempferol resulted in no overt signs of toxicity as well as no hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, or hematotoxicity. Interestingly, kaempferol exerted significant (P < 0.05) chemosuppressive, chemoprophylactic, and curative activities in a dose-dependent manner. The highest antimalarial activity was found at a dose of 20 mg/kg which resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) prolonged survival of infected mice. Moreover, combination treatment of chloroquine and kaempferol also presented significant (P < 0.05) antimalarial effects, although the effects were not significantly different from the chloroquine treated group. From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that kaempferol possesses acceptable antimalarial activities. However, further investigation should be undertaken on the mechanism responsible for the observed antimalarial activity.

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Antimalarial Activity of Plant Metabolites

Cited by 79 publications

References 93 publications

Investigation of the Anti-malaria Potency and Chemical Constituents of the Bark Extracts of Ficus elastica in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice

Investigation of the Anti-malaria Potency and Chemical Constituents of the Bark Extracts of Ficus elastica in Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice

In Silico Identification of Type III PKS Chalcone and Stilbene Synthase Homologs in Marine Photosynthetic Organisms

Antimalarial Activity of Kaempferol and Its Combination with Chloroquine in Plasmodium berghei Infection in Mice

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