Antimalarial drug resistance in Africa: the calm before the storm?

Conrad, Melissa D.; Rosenthal, Philip J.

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30261-0

Cited by 215 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…However, this may increase selection of resistance to CQ in P. falciparum, which has decreased in recent years, or in other Plasmodium species, for which CQ remains the treatment of choice. 45 Furthermore, we call for caution regarding the widespread use of azithromycin (coadministered with CQ/HCQ) for treatment of COVID-19, as it may increase selection of bacterial resistance to this macrolide. In sub-Saharan Africa, azithromycin is an important treatment for bacterial infections including typhoid fever, especially where multidrug resistance (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and fluorquinolones) in Salmonella typhi is on the rise.…”

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention or Treatment of COVID-19 in Africa: Caution for Inappropriate Off-label Use in Healthcare Settings

Abena

Decloedt

Bottieau

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

131

128

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Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention or Treatment of COVID-19 in Africa: Caution for Inappropriate Off-label Use in Healthcare Settings

Abena

Decloedt

Bottieau

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

131

128

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“…As a result of the increasingly serious abuse of antibiotics, the types of multidrug-resistant pathogens have also increased. [6][7][8] As people's behaviors and lifestyles have changed, the chronic non-communicable diseases have become more common in developing countries. The dual burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases is a pressing issue.…”

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

China's unique role in the field of global health

Cheng¹,

Cheng²

2019

Global Health Journal

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China's participation in global governance, inspired by the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, is driven by the guiding principle of "building a community of shared future for mankind". China has been promoting the Belt and Road Initiative and South-South Cooperation and has made significant contributions to the prosperity of human beings. Along with the opportunities that globalization brought about such as the World Health Organization and the boom in the economy, global health challenges also emerged. This resulted in certain obstacles for China when it sought to advocate the Belt and Road Initiative and when it attempted to carry out its strategy to address global health issues. What are the emerging challenges for global health? What can China do for global health? Why does global health need China? We tried to address these questions as China's global engagement continues to expand in the new era. This article makes the case for Chinese approaches, including getting involved in public health, being consistent in addressing local conditions, sharing China's experience with handling health services, and strengthening government-led action while being guided by relative policies. China has a lot to offer in the promotion of global health and in overcoming the challenges and risks that this goal currently faces. Thus, China should be considered an inseparable part of global health governance and bilateral health development cooperation.

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“…Plasmodium infection and associated mortality remain an important concern to the developing world with 218 million malaria cases and ∼450,000 deaths annually 1 (https://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2018/en/). Widespread drug-resistance 2-3 and evolution of newer phenotypes; influenced by factors such as changing availability and distribution of insect vector 4 , haematological malignancies(1, 2) 5-6 (thalassemia, sickle cell anaemia, G6PD deficiency etc), providing protective immunity to certain populations 7 , adversely impact malaria eradication campaigns. Furthermore, zoonotic infections from non-human primates, as in the case of P. knowlesi , is widely reported across Southeast Asia 8 indicating a spectrum of obscured disease manifestations challenging the developing world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reticulocyte Infection Leads to Altered Behaviour, Drug Sensitivity and Host Cell Remodelling byPlasmodium falciparum

Chandramohanadas

Naidu²,

Chu³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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29Plasmodia are host-specific, both at the organism and cellular levels. During asexual 30 development, Plasmodium spp. infect cells of erythroid lineage, with an overall 31 propensity towards reticulocytes. This applies to even Plasmodium (P.) falciparum, the 32 most common causative agent of human malaria, implications of which remain 33 unexplored. Herein, for the first time, we characterize the developmental stages and 34 features of P. falciparum cultured in vitro in young reticulocytes (CD71 + ) in comparison to 35 standard normocyte (CD71 -) cultures. We demonstrate that there are notable differences 36 in the patterns of invasion, development and sensitivity to potent antimalarials (such as 37 artemisinin and dihydroartemisinin) for parasites residing in CD71 + reticulocytes. 38Through a transcriptomic approach, we report that P. falciparum parasites are able to 39 sense the host cell environment, and calibrate their metabolic and host cell remodelling 40 pathways through differential gene expression. These results form an exciting avenue on 41 which hitherto unexplored interactions between Plasmodium spp and different stages of 42 host red blood cells could be investigated in the broader contexts of drug resistance, 43 host tropism and zoonosis. 45Author Summary 46Parasites causing malaria infect red blood cells for development and proliferation during 47 asexual development. This asexual erythrocytic stage determines higher parasite 48 densities and eventual disease manifestation. Although the most virulent species of 49 Plasmodium infecting humans known as Plasmodium falciparum is able to infect red 50 blood cells of all ages, these parasites show a preference for younger blood cells. Of 51 note, the biochemical and biophysical properties of young and adult red blood cells vary 52 significantly. Herein, we undertook a comparative profiling of invasion process, parasite 53 development and drug response of Plasmoddium falciparum in two host cells: young red 54 blood cells (reticulocytes) and mature red blood cells (normocytes). We demonstrate that 55 P. falciparum infects human reticulocytes with higher affinity and demonstrate differential 56 3 sensitivity to drugs such as artemisinin while they reside within reticulocytes. 57Furthermore, we show that P. falciparum is able to detect differences in host 58 environment and adapt to it by changing the expression of genes required for host cell 59 remodelling. 61 Introduction 62Plasmodium infection and associated mortality remain an important concern to the 63 developing world with 218 million malaria cases and ~450,000 deaths annually 1 64 (https://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2018/en/). 65Widespread drug-resistance 2-3 and evolution of newer phenotypes; influenced by factors 66 such as changing availability and distribution of insect vector 4 , haematological 67 malignancies(1, 2) 5-6 (thalassemia, sickle cell anaemia, G6PD deficiency etc), providing 68 protective immunity to certain populations 7 , adversely impact malaria eradic...

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Antimalarial drug resistance in Africa: the calm before the storm?

Cited by 215 publications

References 160 publications

Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention or Treatment of COVID-19 in Africa: Caution for Inappropriate Off-label Use in Healthcare Settings

Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention or Treatment of COVID-19 in Africa: Caution for Inappropriate Off-label Use in Healthcare Settings

China's unique role in the field of global health

Reticulocyte Infection Leads to Altered Behaviour, Drug Sensitivity and Host Cell Remodelling byPlasmodium falciparum

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