Antimicrobial Action, Genotoxicity, and Morphological Analysis of Three Calcium Silicate-Based Cements

Abstract

This study is aimed at evaluating five mineral oxides (5MO), mineral trioxide aggregate repair high plasticity (MTA HP), and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in relation to the antimicrobial action over Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Parvimonas micra, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermedia; the genotoxicity over mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) and osteoblast (Mg-63) cultures; and the morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis (50 k and ×100 k). Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), calcium hydroxide, and saline solution were used as control groups in the different analysis. All data were submitted to a normality test and then analyzed with one-way ANOVA, Tukey, and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests, considering α ≤ 0.05 significance level. It was found that over P. gingivalis and P. endodontalis, there was no a significant difference between the calcium silicate-based cements (CSC) and the control group of saline solution, and only 5MO was similar to the NaOCl group. However, over P. micra, all groups were effective and showed a statistically significant difference compared to the saline solution group. Conversely, none of the groups were effective over F. nucleatum and P. intermedia, except of the NaOCl group. There was a significant difference between 5MO and MTA groups in comparison with NaOCl and MTA HP over osteoblasts and macrophages after 24 hours. SEM images showed small irregular particles interspersed with some elongated needle-like particles and small irregular particles with some larger particles as well as elongated particles. It was concluded that 5MO, MTA, and MTA HP have effective antimicrobial action over P. micra. However, only 5MO is effective over P. gingivalis and P. endodontalis. Besides, 5MO and MTA are not genotoxic over mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) and osteoblast (Mg-63) cultures.

Biological and chemical properties of five mineral oxides and of mineral trioxide aggregate repair high plasticity: an in vitro study

“…In the present study, MTA Repair HP was effective against all microorganisms evaluated except P. endodontalis . The antimicrobial action of 5MO has been little explored, a recent study showed its efficacy over P. micra , P. gingivalis and P. endodontalis 11 ; for now, 5MO has been indicated in photodynamic therapy to ensure adequate disinfection 7 . This indication also applies to other CSCs when their antimicrobial action is questionable 22 .…”

“…It has proven biocompatibility and biomineralization 13 , and is cytocompatible with stem cells from human dental pulp 14 . It disinfects P. micra , however, its efficacy over other anaerobic endodontic pathogens is still questionable 11 . The first systematic review about MTA Repair HP recommended more long-term in vivo studies with a larger sample size and proper clinical settings to better understand its biological, chemical and physical properties 15 .…”

“…Photodynamic therapy was indicated to be combined with the use of 5MO 7 because of its antimicrobial action 10 . Recently, a new study showed that 5MO is effective over P. gingivalis and P. endodontalis beside to other anaerobic endodontic pathogens, and is not genotoxic over mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) and osteoblast (Mg-63) cultures 11 .…”

Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effect of Brazilian Green Propolis Aqueous Extract against Dental Anaerobic Bacteria

“…MMC values were determined, and 10 µL of MIC and a concentration above and below MIC were seeded in Brucella agar. After incubation (48 h/37 °C), MMC corresponded to the well with no grown bacteria and with the lowest concentration of BGP-AqExt [ 4 , 41 ].…”

“…The oral cavity is subjected to endodontic and periodontal infections, among others [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], in which diverse dental anaerobic microorganisms are involved in these infections, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas endodontalis and Prevotella intermedia [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Conventionally, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide are used as antimicrobial agents to combat the microorganisms that cause such infections [ 1 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]; however, there is a continuous need for research for more effective and less toxic natural compounds [ 10 ].…”