Antimicrobial Action of Pyocyanine, Hemipyocyanine, Pyocyanase, and Tyrothricin

Stokes, J. L.; Peck, Robert L.; Woodward, Carl R.; Molitor, Hans

doi:10.3181/00379727-51-13858

Cited by 24 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The only major exception occurred with P. aeruginosa, both in the in vitro simulated blood cultures and in rabbits with concomitant candidemia and bacteremia. One possible reason may be the ability of P. aeruginosa to produce pyocyanin, a compound which has been shown to inhibit the growth of C. albicans (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of fungemia obscured by concomitant bacteremia: in vitro and in vivo studies

Hockey¹,

Fujita²,

Gibson³

et al. 1982

J Clin Microbiol

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Our recent clinical experience suggested that bacteremia may interfere with the detection of concomitant fungemia when standard blood culture methods are used. To determine the extent to which bacteria may interfere with fungal isolation from blood cultures, an in vitro model simulating blood cultures taken during concomitant fungemia and bacteremia was created. Each of six bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was combined with each of three pathogenic yeasts (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Torulopsis glabrata) in vented blood culture bottles containing enriched brain heart infusion broth and fresh normal human blood. Blood culture bottles were analyzed at 1, 2, and 7 days of incubation. Gram strains and subcultures onto chocolate and MacConkey agars failed to detect fungi in 37.0, 66.7, and 100% of samples, respectively. However, subcultures onto Sabouraud dextrose agar failed in only 13% of the samples (occurring only with P. aeruginosa). In a rabbit model of concomitant fungemia with C. albicans and bacteremia with P. aeruginosa, no yeasts were recovered from blood cultures despite 100% detection of P. aeruginosa. Therefore, the usual microbiological techniques may be inadequate to detect fungemia when concomitant bacteremia is present.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of fungemia obscured by concomitant bacteremia: in vitro and in vivo studies

Hockey¹,

Fujita²,

Gibson³

et al. 1982

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Since a concentrated solution of the toxic material was not prepared it was impossible to ascertain whether it was identical with that bacterial product which diffused through cellophan and induced hyphal tip branching in mixed fungal and bacterial culture. Stokes, Pick & Woodword (1942) found that I-hydroxyphenazine was more active against dermatophytes and Candida albicans than pyocyanine while the reverse was true for bacteria. My results show that Aspergillus terreus behaved like dermatophytes.…”

Section: A M a N G A Nmentioning

confidence: 97%

Interactions between Some Aural Aspergillus Species and Bacteria

Mangan¹

1969

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYSome interactions of Aspergillus species with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, all of which are concerned in otitis externa, are described. The pigments pyocyanine, I -hydroxyphenazine and the fluorescent green pigments produced by P. aeruginosa inhibited the germination of spores of Aspergillus terreus; the most toxic of these pigments was I-hydroxyphenazine. P. aeruginosa did not produce fluorescent pigments in Czapek-Dox medium unless the ferrous sulphate was omitted and asparagine added. Following incubation of the Aspergillus species in this medium, however, P. aeruginosa grew and produced fluorescent pigment therein. S. aureus produced antifungal toxic material which was capable of diffusing through cellophan and causing distortion of A . terreus hyphae.

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“…Therefore, antioxidant agents may also play a role in the regulation of growth and the composition of biofilms in H. panicea. Phytotoxic compounds and algicides may prevent the sponge from periphyton algae (53,104). An example of such a substance is oxazolomycin (produced by strain HB100).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Investigation of Marine Actinobacteria Associated with the Sponge Halichondria panicea

Schneemann

Nagel

Kajahn

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

102

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Representatives of Actinobacteria were isolated from the marine sponge Halichondria panicea collected from the Baltic Sea (Germany). For the first time, a comprehensive investigation was performed with regard to phylogenetic strain identification, secondary metabolite profiling, bioactivity determination, and genetic exploration of biosynthetic genes, especially concerning the relationships of the abundance of biosynthesis gene fragments to the number and diversity of produced secondary metabolites. All strains were phylogenetically identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and were found to belong to the genera Actinoalloteichus, Micrococcus, Micromonospora, Nocardiopsis, and Streptomyces. Secondary metabolite profiles of 46 actinobacterial strains were evaluated, 122 different substances were identified, and 88 so far unidentified compounds were detected. The extracts from most of the cultures showed biological activities. In addition, the presence of biosynthesis genes encoding polyketide synthases (PKSs) and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) in 30 strains was established. It was shown that strains in which either PKS or NRPS genes were identified produced a significantly higher number of metabolites and exhibited a larger number of unidentified, possibly new metabolites than other strains. Therefore, the presence of PKS and NRPS genes is a good indicator for the selection of strains to isolate new natural products.Sponges are multicellular invertebrates and sessile filter feeders which are abundant in the oceans as well as in freshwater habitats (41). They gained great interest due to their association with a wide variety of microorganisms. These microorganisms are known to be a rich source of secondary metabolites (108), which exhibit a broad range of bioactivities such as inhibition of enzyme activities and cell division and antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, cytotoxic, and cardiovascular properties (77).Numerous studies concerning specific aspects of spongebacterium associations were accomplished using distinct methods for the evaluation of the microbial diversity (mostly molecular approaches) or the bioactivities (culture-dependent methods) or biosynthetic aspects (chemical analyses and molecular approaches) of secondary metabolites of the associated bacteria (19,47,51,54,110,122,126). So far, there is less comprehensive information about the integration of this knowledge into concepts for sponge-bacterium interactions based on small molecules.We focused on Actinobacteria associated with Halichondria panicea Pallas (Porifera, Demospongiae, Halichondriida, Halichondriidae), a sponge species living in coastal habitats worldwide (9). Previous work demonstrated a phylogenetically diverse array of bacterial groups present in this sponge: representatives of Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Cytophaga/Flavobacteria, the Deinococcus group, low-GϩC-content Gram-positive bacteria, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetales were identified by means of a genetic ...

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Antimicrobial Action of Pyocyanine, Hemipyocyanine, Pyocyanase, and Tyrothricin

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Detection of fungemia obscured by concomitant bacteremia: in vitro and in vivo studies

Detection of fungemia obscured by concomitant bacteremia: in vitro and in vivo studies

Interactions between Some Aural Aspergillus Species and Bacteria

Comprehensive Investigation of Marine Actinobacteria Associated with the Sponge Halichondria panicea

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