Antimicrobial Activity of Dexamethasone and Its Combination With N-Chlorotaurine

Neher, Andreas; Arnitz, Roland; Gstöttner, Michaela; Schäfer, Dirk; Kröss, Eva-Maria; Nagl, Markus

doi:10.1001/archotol.134.6.615

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Agents used to treat hematologic diseases can have an effect on resident bacteria (16–18). Therefore, we sought to determine if the number of chemotherapy cycles or specific classes of chemotherapeutic agents used within the 6 months prior to HSCT were associated with BSI.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood stream infection (BSI) and acute GVHD after hematopoietic SCT (HSCT) are associated

Poutsiaka

Munson

Price

et al. 2010

Bone Marrow Transplant

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BSI and acute GVHD (aGVHD) are serious complications of HSCT. We hypothesized that the two events were not independent of one another. We studied (1) associations between BSI and aGVHD; (2) the impact of BSI and/or aGVHD on death within 100 days after HSCT, employing a retrospective cohort analysis. Risk factor analysis was performed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses. Of 211 subjects undergoing allogeneic HSCT from 1/00–12/05 (58% of whom underwent reduced intensity transplantation), 82 (39%) developed BSI. In 49 patients (23%), grades (gr) 2–4 aGVHD occurred. Early BSI was independently associated with an increased occurrence of subsequent aGVHD gr 2–4. Cytomegalovirus seropositivity was independently associated with decreased occurrence of aGVHD. Acute GVHD gr 2–4 independently predicted subsequent first BSI. Both BSI and aGVHD gr 2–4 were significant independent predictors of death within 100 days after HSCT. There is a strong, independent association between BSI and aGVHD. Potential explanations include the elaboration of cytokines during BSI favoring the development of aGVHD and/or the immunosuppressive treatment of aGVHD favoring the development of BSI. Future studies should be directed at mechanistic investigations of this association.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood stream infection (BSI) and acute GVHD after hematopoietic SCT (HSCT) are associated

Poutsiaka

Munson

Price

et al. 2010

Bone Marrow Transplant

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“…Its bactericidal activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis in biofilm (reduction of CFU to the detection limit by 1% NCT needed about 30 to 60 min [ Fig. 3]) appears approximately 3 to 6 times slower than that against planktonic bacteria (10 min for a reduction to the detection limit [9,10]) but is still sufficient. Remarkably, viable counts of all tested bacteria in biofilm were reduced by at least 1 power of 10 after 15 min of incubation in 1% NCT, so that an impact on biofilm by irrigations with NCT can be conceived in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bactericidal Activity of N -Chlorotaurine against Biofilm-Forming Bacteria Grown on Metal Disks

Coraça‐Huber

Ammann

Fille

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Many orthopedic surgeons consider surgical irrigation and debridement with prosthesis retention as a treatment option for postoperative infections. Usually, saline solution with no added antimicrobial agent is used for irrigation. We investigated the activity of N-chlorotaurine (NCT) against various biofilm-forming bacteria in vitro and thereby gained significant information on its usability as a soluble and well-tolerated active chlorine compound in orthopedic surgery. Biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus were grown on metal alloy disks and in polystyrene dishes for 48 h. Subsequently, they were incubated for 15 min to 7 h in buffered solutions containing therapeutically applicable concentrations of NCT (1%, 0.5%, and 0.1%; 5.5 to 55 mM) at 37°C. NCT inactivated the biofilm in a time-and dose-dependent manner. Scanning electron microscopy revealed disturbance of the biofilm architecture by rupture of the extracellular matrix. Assays with reduction of carboxanilide (XTT) showed inhibition of the metabolism of the bacteria in biofilms. Quantitative cultures confirmed killing of S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms on metal alloy disks by NCT. Clinical isolates were slightly more resistant than ATCC type strains, but counts of CFU were reduced at least 10-fold by 1% NCT within 15 min in all cases. NCT showed microbicidal activity against various bacterial strains in biofilms. Whether this can be transferred to the clinical situation should be the aim of future studies.

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“…An impressive example concerns NCT and the very reactive hypochlorous acid (HOCl). While the consumption of HOCl is twice as high (45), the bactericidal effect, however, is approximately 10,000-fold higher (51,67,68). This astonishing result can be reduced to both the faster penetration of HOCl and its superior oxidizing activity (see above), which causes immediate inactivation of S-H and S-CH 3 functions of vitally essential enzymes.…”

Section: Nonmicrobicidal Effects Caused By Chloramine Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

N -Chloramines, a Promising Class of Well-Tolerated Topical Anti-Infectives

Gottardi

Debabov

Nagl

2013

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Antibiotic resistance is a growing public health crisis. To address the development of bacterial resistance, the use of antibiotics has to be minimized for nonsystemic applications in humans, as well as in animals and plants. Possible substitutes with low potential for developing resistance are active chlorine compounds that have been in clinical use for over 180 years. These agents are characterized by pronounced differences in their chlorinating and/or oxidizing activity, with hypochlorous acid (HOCl) as the strongest and organic chloramines as the weakest members. Bacterial killing in clinical practice is often associated with unwanted side effects such as chlorine consumption, tissue irritation, and pain, increasing proportionally with the chlorinating/oxidizing potency. Since the chloramines are able to effectively kill pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa), their application as anti-infectives is advisable, all the more so as they exhibit additional beneficial properties such as destruction of toxins, degradation of biofilms, and anticoagulative and anti-inflammatory activities. Within the ample field of chloramines, the stable N-chloro derivatives of ß-aminosulfonic acids are most therapeutically advanced. Being available as sodium salts, they distinguish themselves by good solubility and absence of smell. Important representatives are N-chlorotaurine, a natural compound occurring in the human immune system, and novel mono-and dichloro derivatives of dimethyltaurine, which feature improved stability.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Dexamethasone and Its Combination With N-Chlorotaurine

Abstract: To investigate the antimicrobial effect of dexamethasone phosphate, the endogenous antiseptic N-chlorotaurine (NCT), and their combination on ear, nose, and throat microorganisms.

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Blood stream infection (BSI) and acute GVHD after hematopoietic SCT (HSCT) are associated

Blood stream infection (BSI) and acute GVHD after hematopoietic SCT (HSCT) are associated

Bactericidal Activity of N -Chlorotaurine against Biofilm-Forming Bacteria Grown on Metal Disks

N -Chloramines, a Promising Class of Well-Tolerated Topical Anti-Infectives

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