Antimicrobial Air Filters Using Natural Sea Salt Particles for Deactivating Airborne Bacterial Particles

Jeong, Sang Bin; Heo, Ki Joon; Lee, Byung Uk

doi:10.3390/ijerph17010190

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Other studies examined the association between SH and microvascular complications including renal manifestations 20 , 21 . Recently, a study was published using data from the Taiwan NHI database, and the authors suggested an association between SH and ESRD 22 . However, this study did not adjust for various confounding factors such as levels of fasting plasma glucose or LDL-cholesterol, and furthermore, their study did not perform sensitivity analyses in the various subgroups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe hypoglycemia and the risk of end stage renal disease in type 2 diabetes

Yun

Park

Han

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated the association between the incidence of severe hypoglycemia and the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Baseline and follow-up data for 988,333 participants with type 2 diabetes were retrieved from the National Health Insurance System database. The number of severe hypoglycemia episodes experienced from 2007 to 2009 was determined. The primary outcome was the development of ESRD after the baseline evaluation. Participants were followed from the baseline until death or December 31, 2016, during this period 14,545 participants (1.5%) developed ESRD. In the crude model, compared with those who experienced no severe hypoglycemia, the hazard ratios (95% confidential intervals) for developing ESRD were 4.96 (4.57–5.39), 6.84 (5.62–8.32), and 9.51 (7.14–12.66) in participants who experienced one, two, and three or more episodes of severe hypoglycemia, respectively. Further adjustment for various confounding factors attenuated the association between severe hypoglycemia and ESRD; the significance of the association between severe hypoglycemia and ESRD was maintained. Having three or more severe hypoglycemia episodes was associated with a nearly two-fold increased risk of developing ESRD. Prior episodes of severe hypoglycemia were associated with an increased risk of ESRD among Korean adults with type 2 diabetes.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe hypoglycemia and the risk of end stage renal disease in type 2 diabetes

Yun

Park

Han

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The observation about moisture and viral persistence has then been exploited to develop a prototype virus deactivation system using sodium chloride salt impregnated into surgical masks; 100 while the basic principle of sea salt impregnated air filters has been developed for deactivating bacteria. 101 The reason this works is that the viability of an airborne virus is mediated by the salt concentration within droplets and similarly, sodium chloride is a well-known antifungal agent that changes osmoregulation in the cell. Hence salts cause virus inactivation by crystal formation, or cell dysregulation with respect to fungi; both of which may be aspects of aerosol transmission of infection.…”

Section: Infection Control Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential environmental role of fungi as a complication in COVID-19 infections

Jones¹

2020

JBMOA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and is currently at pandemic levels worldwide. This opinion paper considers what evidence there is for a fungal connection between the aetiology of illness and the role of climate and the local environment. The paper focuses mainly on China. Five themes are explored beginning with (1) social media reports of potential water damage at emergency healthcare buildings. This builds on the premise that damp indoor environments can promote elevated microbial growth from fungi, bacteria and yeasts causing occupant infection, or exposure or sensitivity reactions to spores/cellular debris/allergens or to a range of inflammatory mycotoxins. The second theme looks at (2) seasonal variations in key climate factors like temperature and humidity and are examined from the perspective of controlling virus transmission based on known epidemiological data trends. Thirdly, (3) large cities like Wuhan exploit the spongecity concept where water is controlled using engineering controls. Since excess water is a hallmark of mould growth in the built environment, the role of this particular planning effort is discussed. The fourth theme (4) discusses the emerging literature that severe and adverse COVID-19 complications may be caused by fungal co-infections. The evidence for this, builds on emerging clinical reports relating procalcitonin, interleukins and lung opacities with signs of severe illness and/or sepsis. The paper concludes with a review of several non-pharmacological, infection control interventions that may help in controlling the spread of this virus in other countries and regions.

show abstract

“…However, because of its low flow resistance, it consumes less power per unit of clean air delivered compared to filtration [3]. Filters made of anti-bacterial fibers have also been developed [15,16,17,18,19,20] but their performance remains be proven under realistic indoor conditions. Bactericidal gas spraying, UVGI, plasma discharge and PCO are microbicidal technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZeBox: A novel non-intrusive continuous-use technology to trap and kill airborne microbes

Phadke

Madival

Venkataraman³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Preventing nosocomial infection is a major unmet need of our times. Existing air decontamination technologies suffer from demerits such as toxicity of exposure, species specificity, noxious gas emission, environment-dependent performance and high power consumption. Here, we present a novel technology called ZeBox that transcends the conventional limitations and achieves high microbicidal efficiency. In ZeBox, a non-ionizing electric field extracts naturally charged microbes from flowing air and deposits them on engineered microbicidal surfaces. The surfaces three dimensional topography traps the microbes long enough for them to be inactivated. The electric field and chemical surfaces synergistically achieve rapid inactivation of a broad spectrum of microbes. ZeBox achieved near complete kill of airborne microbes in challenge tests (5-9 log reduction) and >90% efficiency in a fully functional stem cell research facility in the presence of humans. Thus, ZeBox fulfills the dire need for a real-time, continuous, safe, trap-and-kill air decontamination technology.

show abstract

Antimicrobial Air Filters Using Natural Sea Salt Particles for Deactivating Airborne Bacterial Particles

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Severe hypoglycemia and the risk of end stage renal disease in type 2 diabetes

Severe hypoglycemia and the risk of end stage renal disease in type 2 diabetes

The potential environmental role of fungi as a complication in COVID-19 infections

ZeBox: A novel non-intrusive continuous-use technology to trap and kill airborne microbes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About