Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Alnus rugosa L. aerial parts and identification of the bioactive components

Abstract

a b s t r a c tThis present investigation was undertaken to study antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol 80% extracts from Alnus rugosa L. aerial parts, as well investigate the bio-active compounds of each extract. Antimicrobial activity of the mentioned extracts against various bacteria and fungi using microdilution method, and cytotoxicity against five different human tumor cell lines, and in a non-tumor liver cells primary culture were tested. Extracts were subjected to phytochemical analysis and column chromatography eluted with different solvents, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol gradually. The results showed that the extracts had a significant antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacteria and fungi, and proved a significant cytotoxic effect. Methanol 80% extract exhibited the highest antibacterial effect, and ethyl acetate extract was the most active as antifungal agent while dichloromethane extract showed the lowest antifungal effect. Dichloromethane extract was the most active against all the tested tumor cell lines. Chromatographic separation of dichloromethane extract of A. rugosa aerial parts resulted in the isolation and identification of ␤-sitosterol, ␤-sitosterol 3-O-␤-glucoside and apigenin, while from ethyl acetate extract, diosmetin, naringenin, luteolin, and luteolin 7-O-␤-glucoside were identified, and from methanol 80% extract, quercetin 3-O-␣-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-␤-glucoside and isorhamnetin 3-O-␤-glucoside 7-O-␣-rhamnoside were identified. In conclusion, the present research provided significant information about antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities and compounds isolated from A. rugosa aerial parts extracts.

Investigation into the effects of antioxidant-rich extract ofTamarindus indicaleaf on antioxidant enzyme activities, oxidative stress and gene expression profiles in HepG2 cells

“…Isorhamnetin and quercetin isolated from speckled alder ( Alnus incana ssp. rugosa ) and the leaf extract of Calotropis procera ( Nenaah, 2013 ) were reported to possess antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria namely E. coli ( Rashed et al, 2014 ). Therefore, isorhamnetin and quercetin may have contributed towards the reported antimicrobial properties of the antioxidant-rich leaf extract of T. indica , through direct action on the expression of antimicrobial response-related genes, IFNGR1 , LEAP2 , ANXA3 and MX1.…”

Antimicrobial activity of the diarylheptanoids from the black and green alder

“…Other Alnus species also exhibited antimicrobial action: antimicrobial investigation of A. rubra resulted in complete inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Zopf and M. avium subsp. avium Chester at a concentration equivalent of 100 mg of dried plant per disk (McCutcheon et al 1997); extract prepared from A. rubra catkins showed the greatest antifungal activity against nine fungal species (McCutcheon et al 1994); A. rugosa (L.) Moench extracts exhibited antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities with the highest antibacterial effect of 80 % methanol extract (dominant compounds were quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, and isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-rhamnoside), and with the highest antifungal effect of ethyl acetate extract (dominant compounds were diosmetin, naringenin, luteolin, and luteolin 7-O-glucoside) (Rashed et al 2014).…”

Tricalycoside, a New Cerebroside from Tricalysia coriacea (Rubiaceae)

“…The CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH (1:1) extract from twigs and leaves of T . coriacea was subjected to repeated silica gel open column chromatography, preparative TLC, and Sephadex LH‐20 to afford a new cerebroside named as tricalycoside ( 1 ), together with six known compounds, isoquercitrin ( 2 ), astragalin ( 3 ), rutin ( 4 ), oleanolic acid ( 5 ), ursolic acid ( 6 ), and β ‐sitosterol‐3‐ O ‐ β ‐ d ‐glucopyranoside ( 7 , Figure ) . The structures of the known compounds were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature.…”