Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity properties of the organic solvent fractions of Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) R. Br. ex Vatke: Kenyan traditional medicinal plant

Njeru, Sospeter Ngoci; Obonyo, Meshack; Nyambati, Samwel O.; Ngari, Silas M.; Mwakubambanya, Ramadhan; Mavura, Hawa

doi:10.5455/jice.20160416122003

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…coli Top 10 QS biosensor, and none on the reduction of the expression of GFP, hence, no capacity of QS inhibition. Previous reports on Clerodendrum myricoides have, however, indicated that this medicinal plant does exhibit antimicrobial activity, [ 38 , 39 ] a fact that concurs with our findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Antiquorum sensing, antibiofilm formation and cytotoxicity activity of commonly used medicinal plants by inhabitants of Borabu sub-county, Nyamira County, Kenya

et al. 2017

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Productions of various bacterial traits like production of virulence factors (e.g. toxins, enzymes), biofilm formation, luminescence among others, have been known to be controlled by quorum sensing (QS), a process that is dependent on chemical signals or autoinducers (AIs). Bacteria known to rely on such AIs are known to be virulent and tend to be resistant against various antimicrobial agents. Therefore, strategies aimed at the inhibition of QS pathways, are regarded as potential novel therapies in managing bacterial virulence hence reducing their ability to induce infections in humans. In the present study, a portfolio of 25 medicinal plant extracts (ethanol 50% v/v) used in southwestern Kenya were assayed against a transformed E. coli Top 10 reporter QS strain. This biosensor responds to the exogenous addition of 3-oxo-N-hexanoyl homoserine lactone (3OC6HSL) expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). The large majority of the screened medicinal plants seemed to exhibit toxic effects and almost none of them induced antiquorum sensing (AQS) activity. This could be the consequence of the presence of mixed compounds in the extracts. Elaeodendron buchananii Loes and Acacia gerrardii Benth extracts that seemed to show AQS activity were further proved found to possess mild AQS but with defined antimicrobial activities, and no antibiofilm formation inhibition. As a control, an E. coli pBCA9145_jtk2828::sfGFP strain that produces constitutively GFP was used and confirmed that none of the two extracts quenched the fluorescence of sfGFP. Cytotoxicity assays with mammalian MDCK cells also did indicate that the selected extracts with putative AQS activity, also reduced the cell viability. Therefore, further studies will be needed to separate and re-test the individual compounds especially from the selected two promising plants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Antiquorum sensing, antibiofilm formation and cytotoxicity activity of commonly used medicinal plants by inhabitants of Borabu sub-county, Nyamira County, Kenya

et al. 2017

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“…There was no indication of mutagenesis when dichloromethane and 70% ethanol extracts were tested on S. typhimurium (Ames test) (TA98) [ 124 ] Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) R.Br.ex Vatke Malaria [ 125 ] Febrile convulsions, Abdominal colic [ 126 ] Respiratory infections [ 37 ] Pneumonia [ 25 ] Antibacterial and antifungal activity (Organic root extract) [ 127 ], antibacterial activity (Aqueous and methanol leaf extract) [ 128 ], antiplasmodial activity (Methanol leaf extract) [ 129 ] in vitro (Agar disc diffusion method) [ 127 ], in vitro (agar diffusion method) [ 128 ], in vivo (Swiss albino mice) [ 129 ] The dichloromethane root bark extract was reported to be nontoxic on L6 cells (IC 50 > 90 µg/mL) [ 130 ]. The methanol root extract was reported to be toxic to brine shrimp [ 131 ] Plectranthus barbatus Andr.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malaria [125] Febrile convulsions, Abdominal colic [126] Respiratory infections [37] Pneumonia [25] Antibacterial and antifungal activity (Organic root extract) [127], antibacterial activity (Aqueous and methanol leaf extract) [128], antiplasmodial activity (Methanol leaf extract) [129] in vitro (Agar disc diffusion method) [127], in vitro (agar diffusion method) [128], in vivo (Swiss albino mice) [129] The dichloromethane root bark extract was reported to be nontoxic on L6 cells (IC 50 > 90 µg/mL) [130].…”

Section: Rbrex Vatkementioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal plants used in managing diseases of the respiratory system among the Luo community: an appraisal of Kisumu East Sub-County, Kenya

et al. 2020

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Background: Poor access to healthcare in rural communities causes many people to seek herbalists who use medicinal plants for the treatment of various disease conditions. Most knowledge of traditional herbal medicine makes use of indigenous remedies which are often undocumented and are at risk of being lost. The preservation of this knowledge may facilitate scientific inquiry into promising new therapeutic molecules. Methods: Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect the sociodemographic information of 30 herbalists in Kisumu East Sub County. The local names of medicinal plants used in managing illnesses of the respiratory system, their habit, active parts, indications, methods of preparation, routes of administration, scientific identity, and conservation status were also recorded. Other reported traditional uses, pharmacological activities, and toxicological data were identified via a literature search. Results: Most herbalists were female (86.7%), aged between 61 and 70 years (43.3%) with no formal education (56.7%), and had 21-30 years of practice (30%). 44 plant species, belonging to 43 genera and 28 families were identified. Leguminosae and Rutaceae plant families were predominant, leaves were frequently used (33%), and trees were the most common habit (44.4%). Most plants were collected in the wild (79.2%), preparation was mainly by decoction (68.8%), and the administration was mainly orally. The main indication was cough and 79.5% of all documented plant species had previously been reported to have a pharmacological activity relevant to the mitigation of respiratory illnesses. Toxicological data was available for 84.1% of the plant species identified. Conclusions: The predominant use of roots, root barks, and root tubers by herbalists in Kisumu East Sub County threatens to negatively impact the ecological survival of some plant species. The preservation of herbalists' knowledge of medicinal plants in the study area is a pressing concern considering their advanced age and little formal education. There is a need to conserve some of the medicinal plants documented in this study. The medicinal claims made by herbalists also warrant scientific scrutiny.

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“…These concentrations were put in sterile bijou bottles and refrigerated at 4 0 C during use. Determination of antibacterial susceptibility patterns was done by the agar disc diffusion method as per Njeru et al with slight modi cations [19]. Gentamycin (40 mcg…”

Section: Antibacterial Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities of the Ethyl Acetate Leaf Extract of Ocimum basilicum

Rapando

Ngugi

Muturi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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IntroductionAntibiotic resistance is a serious threat to humankind. There is need for the development of new therapeutic options. Ocimum basilicum has been used traditionally as a medicinal herb against infectious diseases and as a food additive. ObjectiveThis study aimed at evaluating the phytochemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activities of the ethyl acetate leaf extract of Ocimum basilicum. MethodsOcimum basilicum leaves were collected from Mbeere, Embu County, Kenya and ethyl acetate extraction done at Kenyatta University. Phytochemical composition was evaluated by Gas chromatograph mass spectrophotometry while antibacterial activities were evaluated by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The test microorganisms were methicillin resistant S. aureus, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli. ResultsThe extract exhibited a broad spectrum antibacterial activity. The gram negative bacteria showed more susceptibility to the organic extract compared to the gram positive bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the highest zone of inhibition (27.00 ± 2.00 mm), while the S. aureus isolate had the lowest zone of inhibition (24.00 ± 1.00 mm). Escherichia coli, S. aureus and MRSA species had an MIC of 62.5 mg/ml compared to P. aeruginosa with an MIC of 125mg/ml when exposed to the leaf extract. The antibacterial activity could be attributed to the synergistic effects of phytochemicals such as terpenoids, alkaloids, essential oils, fatty acids, flavonoids and aldehydes that have been known to have antimicrobial properties. A total of 30 phytochemical compounds were eluted from the extract of O. basilicum. Nootkatone, a sesquiterpenoid had the highest concentration at 20.86mg/g. The compound 1,3-Dimethyl-5-isobutylcyclohexane, a fatty acid had the lowest concentration at 0.10mg/g. ConclusionO. basilicum has antibacterial activities on the tested pathogens and can be used to treat infections. Phytochemicals with antibacterial effects in the herb can be used as lead molecules in developing new antibacterial drugs.

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Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity properties of the organic solvent fractions of Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) R. Br. ex Vatke: Kenyan traditional medicinal plant

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Antiquorum sensing, antibiofilm formation and cytotoxicity activity of commonly used medicinal plants by inhabitants of Borabu sub-county, Nyamira County, Kenya

Antiquorum sensing, antibiofilm formation and cytotoxicity activity of commonly used medicinal plants by inhabitants of Borabu sub-county, Nyamira County, Kenya

Medicinal plants used in managing diseases of the respiratory system among the Luo community: an appraisal of Kisumu East Sub-County, Kenya

Phytochemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities of the Ethyl Acetate Leaf Extract of Ocimum basilicum

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