Antimicrobial and In Vitro Cytotoxic Efficacy of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) Fabricated by Callus Extract of Solanum incanum L.

Saied

et al. 2021

JoF

Self Cite

123

The metabolites of the fungal strain Rhizopus oryaze were used as a biocatalyst for the green-synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs). The production methodology was optimized to attain the maximum productivity as follows: 4 mM of precursor, at pH 8, incubation temperature of 35 °C, and reaction time of 36 h between metabolites and precursor. The as-formed MgO-NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, SEM-EDX, XRD, DLS, FT-IR, and XPS analyses. These analytical techniques proved to gain crystalline, homogenous, and well-dispersed spherical MgO-NPs with an average size of 20.38 ± 9.9 nm. The potentiality of MgO-NPs was dose- and time-dependent. The biogenic MgO-NPs was found to be a promising antimicrobial agent against the pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans with inhibition zones of 10.6 ± 0.4, 11.5 ± 0.5, 13.7 ± 0.5, 14.3 ± 0.7, and 14.7 ± 0.6 mm, respectively, at 200 μg mL–1. Moreover, MgO-NPs manifested larvicidal and adult repellence activity against Culex pipiens at very low concentrations. The highest decolorization percentages of tanning effluents were 95.6 ± 1.6% at 100 µg/ 100 mL after 180 min. At this condition, the physicochemical parameters of tannery effluents, including TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, and conductivity were reduced with percentages of 97.9%, 98.2%, 87.8%, 95.9%, and 97.3%, respectively. Moreover, the chromium ion was adsorbed with percentages of 98.2% at optimum experimental conditions.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizopus oryzae-Mediated Green Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (MgO-NPs): A Promising Tool for Antimicrobial, Mosquitocidal Action, and Tanning Effluent Treatment

Hassan

Saied

et al. 2021

JoF

Self Cite

123

“…Therefore, endophytes could be used as potential biocontrol agents to restrict pathogen entry into the host cell. The endophytic species Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol, penazine-1-carboxylic acid, pyoleutirin, pyrrolnitrin, or hydrogen cyanide, which suppress the growth of phytopathogenic fungi [ 191 ]. The most common endophytic bacterial species used in phytopathogen control are Bacillus species, since they produce lipopeptides, which hydrolyze fungal hyphal membranes [ 192 , 193 ].…”

Section: Applications Of Bacterial Endophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common endophytic bacterial species used in phytopathogen control are Bacillus species, since they produce lipopeptides, which hydrolyze fungal hyphal membranes [ 192 , 193 ]. The destabilization of the fungal membrane promotes nutrient leakage and hence reduces the virulence of fungi [ 191 ]. The indirect mechanisms include the stimulation of a jasmonate/ethylene-based defense response against necrotrophic microbes and a salicylic acid-based defense against biotrophic microorganisms [ 191 , 192 ].…”

Section: Applications Of Bacterial Endophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The destabilization of the fungal membrane promotes nutrient leakage and hence reduces the virulence of fungi [ 191 ]. The indirect mechanisms include the stimulation of a jasmonate/ethylene-based defense response against necrotrophic microbes and a salicylic acid-based defense against biotrophic microorganisms [ 191 , 192 ]. Competition for Space and Nutrients …”

Section: Applications Of Bacterial Endophytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Harnessing Bacterial Endophytes for Promotion of Plant Growth and Biotechnological Applications: An Overview

Eid

Abdel-Rahman

et al. 2021

Plants

Self Cite

139

Endophytic bacteria colonize plants and live inside them for part of or throughout their life without causing any harm or disease to their hosts. The symbiotic relationship improves the physiology, fitness, and metabolite profile of the plants, while the plants provide food and shelter for the bacteria. The bacteria-induced alterations of the plants offer many possibilities for biotechnological, medicinal, and agricultural applications. The endophytes promote plant growth and fitness through the production of phytohormones or biofertilizers, or by alleviating abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. Strengthening of the plant immune system and suppression of disease are associated with the production of novel antibiotics, secondary metabolites, siderophores, and fertilizers such as nitrogenous or other industrially interesting chemical compounds. Endophytic bacteria can be used for phytoremediation of environmental pollutants or the control of fungal diseases by the production of lytic enzymes such as chitinases and cellulases, and their huge host range allows a broad spectrum of applications to agriculturally and pharmaceutically interesting plant species. More recently, endophytic bacteria have also been used to produce nanoparticles for medical and industrial applications. This review highlights the biotechnological possibilities for bacterial endophyte applications and proposes future goals for their application.

“…On the contrary, the biological route is characterized by being a simple, rapid, eco-friendly, and low-cost method, as compared to chemical and physical processes [ 6 ]. Therefore, researchers’ attention is directed to the green method or biological method using bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, algae, yeast, and plants to fabricate nanomaterials [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Recently, there is a huge number of nanomaterials being fabricated using biological methods, such as Ag, Au, Cu, CuO, ZnO, Fe 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , and others [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Eco-Friendly Approach to the Control of Pathogenic Microbes and Anopheles stephensi Malarial Vector Using Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (Mg-NPs) Fabricated by Penicillium chrysogenum

Awad

Eid

et al. 2021

IJMS

Self Cite

The discovery of eco-friendly, rapid, and cost-effective compounds to control diseases caused by microbes and insects are the main challenges. Herein, the magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) are successfully fabricated by harnessing the metabolites secreted by Penicillium chrysogenum. The fabricated MgO-NPs were characterized using UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, DLS, EDX, FT-IR, and XPS analyses. Data showed the successful formation of crystallographic, spherical, well-dispersed MgO-NPs with sizes of 7–40 nm at a maximum wavelength of 250 nm. The EDX analysis confirms the presence of Mg and O ions as the main components with weight percentages of 13.62% and 7.76%, respectively. The activity of MgO-NPs as an antimicrobial agent was investigated against pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, and exhibited zone of inhibitions of 12.0 ± 0.0, 12.7 ± 0.9, 23.3 ± 0.8, 17.7 ± 1.6, and 14.7 ± 0.6 mm respectively, at 200 µg mL−1. The activity is decreased by decreasing the MgO-NPs concentration. The biogenic MgO-NPs exhibit high efficacy against different larvae instar and pupa of Anopheles stephensi, with LC50 values of 12.5–15.5 ppm for I–IV larvae instar and 16.5 ppm for the pupa. Additionally, 5 mg/cm2 of MgO-NPs showed the highest protection percentages against adults of Anopheles stephensi, with values of 100% for 150 min and 67.6% ± 1.4% for 210 min.