Antimicrobial Drug Use in New World Camelids

Mycobacterium ulcerans infection in two alpacas

“…14 South American camelids have been shown to be susceptible to a variety of mycobacterial infections, including M. avium subsp. 43 If rifampicin was to be administered, therapeutic drug monitoring would be ideal, although this would likely add substantially to the cost of treatment, which may already be prohibitive for some owners, especially if the animal is kept for production purposes rather than as a pet. avium, 34 M. bovis, 35 M. microti 36,37 and M. kansasii; 38,39 however, no reports of treatment of these infections (from which treatment of M. ulcerans infection could be extrapolated) have been recorded.…”

Disorders of the Digestive System

“…36,44,[175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182] A variety of diagnostic approaches, medical treatments, and surgical interventions have been proposed. 36,44,[175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182] A variety of diagnostic approaches, medical treatments, and surgical interventions have been proposed.…”

Neonatology and Neonatal Disorders

“…2,3,12,15 E. coli, Pseudomonas, β-hemolytic Streptococcus, Enterococcus spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Citrobacter are the most common isolates, with gram-negative organisms making up 54% of diagnoses in one study and 72% in another review. 2,16 Most organisms are considered opportunists and infect individual crias, as opposed to causing outbreaks of disease. Neonatal sepsis is a common sequel to FPT and hence is common in crias after difficult births and in those with agalatic dams or with other risk factors contributing to FPT.…”