Antimicrobial Effect, Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of the Extract from Different Parts of Phytolacca americana L.

Abstract

This study was conducted to clarify the antimicrobial effect, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the biological composition having the Phytolacca americana, and to enhance the natural materials utilization of foods and cosmetics. The antimicrobial activities of the different parts of P. americana were evaluated using the agar diffusion test. The antimicrobial activity of P. americana was relatively high in Malassezia furfur known as a skin fungi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus compared to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. However, the antimicrobial activity in Vibrio parahaemolyticus did not show at all parts of P. americana. Both the DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity have been increased with the higher concentration of methanol extract. In particular, leaf extract of P. americana exhibited the highest activity both ABTS radical scavenging activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The nitrite scavenging activity was decreased when the pH was changed from pH 1.2 to pH 6.0. The highest nitrite scavenging activity was exhibited from the methanol extract of fruit, followed by root, stem, and leaf at pH 1.2. However, the nitrite scavenging activity at pH of 6.0 was not almost detected. All plant parts of P. americana showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The highest activity was found in the stem, and followed by root, leaf, and fruit in order. These tyrosinase inhibitory activity was progressively increased in a concentration-dependent manner. In this experiment on the methanol extracts of different organ from P. americana, we confirmed that the extract of P. americana showed potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Taken together, we conjectured that the P. americana had the potent biological activities, therefore this plant having various functional components could be a good material for development into source of natural food additives and cosmetics.

Chemical composition and enzyme inhibition of Phytolacca dioica L. seeds extracts

“…However, to best of our knowledge no studies have investigated the phenolic and flavonoid contents for the P. dioica seeds. It is important to highlight that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents reported in this study are appreciably higher than the previous studies 29 , 30 .…”

“…The bioassays experiments revealed antioxidant activity of the EAE and its constituent (compound 1 ) to be remarkably pronounced with respect to previous studies performed on Phytolacca americana 29 , 30 . Since, no data has been reported in the literature about the antioxidant activity of P. dioica seeds extracts.…”

“…As it was expected, HE was the poorest in both phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Previous studies have reported the total phenolic and flavonoid contents for other species of Phytolacca 29 , 30 . However, to best of our knowledge no studies have investigated the phenolic and flavonoid contents for the P. dioica seeds.…”

Comparative Analysis of Saponins from Different Phytolaccaceae Species and Their Antiproliferative Activities

“…These plant species have been used both traditionally and in modern times as herbal medicines [ 1 ]. The chemical constituents of the species in this family have shown a number of bioactive activities including antibacterial [ 2 , 3 ], antifungal [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], antimalarial [ 10 , 11 ], molluscicidal properties [ 12 , 13 ], and anti-obesity [ 14 ], potential behavioral and pro-oxidant effects [ 15 ], antitumor activities [ 16 ], among others. The compounds responsible for the above activities are reported to be triterpenoid saponins [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Invasive plant has higher resistance to native generalist herbivore than exotic non-invasive congener

“…The plants of P. americana have high concentration of saponin, which has medicinal value but toxic to herbivores (Wang et al, 2008). In medical science, it has been confirmed that the secondary metabolites in P. americana have antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-malignant cell proliferation effects (Patra et al, 2014;Boo et al, 2015). At the same time, some studies have shown that the content of secondary metabolites of P. aericana are higher than that of other Phytolacca members (Kim et al, 2005).…”