Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Calcium Silicate Sealers against a Nutrient-Stressed Multispecies Biofilm

Abstract

Purpose: This study compared the antimicrobial efficacy of calcium silicate sealers (BioRoot RCS and Total Fill BC) and conventional sealers (AH Plus and Tubli-seal) against planktonic bacteria and a nutrient-stressed multispecies biofilm. Methods: Antimicrobial properties of freshly mixed sealers were investigated using the direct contact test (DCT) and a nutrient-stressed multispecies biofilm comprised of five endodontic strains. Antimicrobial activity was determined using quantitative viable counts and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis with live/dead staining. The pH of the sealers was analysed over a period of 28 days in Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey tests and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used for data analysis with a significance of 5%. Results: All endodontic sealers exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against planktonic bacteria (p < 0.05). BioRoot RCS caused a significant reduction in viable counts of the biofilms compared to AH Plus and the control (p < 0.05), while no significant difference could be observed compared to TotalFill BC and Tubli-seal (p > 0.05). CLSM analysis showed that BioRoot RCS and TotalFill BC exhibited significant biofilm inhibition compared to Tubli-seal, AH Plus and the control (p < 0.05). BioRoot RCS presented with the highest microbial killing, followed by TotalFill BC and Tubli-seal. Alkalizing activity was seen from the onset by BioRoot RCS, TotalFill BC and AH Plus. After 28 days, BioRoot RCS demonstrated the highest pH in HBSS (pH > 12). Conclusions: Calcium silicate sealers exhibited effective antimicrobial properties. This was demonstrated by superior biofilm inhibition capacity and microbial killing, with strong alkalizing activity compared to epoxy-based and zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealers.

Atividade antimicrobiana de novos cimentos endodônticos biocerâmicos

“…Além do teste de contato direto, as membranas foram utilizadas para simular a inacessibilidade dos cimentos aos microrganismos, testando a capacidade de difusão de seus componentes contra uma barreira física no teste de contato indireto (Barros, et al, 2014;Kapralos, et al, 2018;Viana, et al, 2021). Quando em contato direto, os cimentos biocerâmicos (Bio-C Sealer, Sealer Plus BC e BioRoot RCS) apresentaram melhor atividade (P < 0,05) contra biofilmes de E. faecalis do que os cimentos à base de resina (AH Plus, Sealer Plus, MTA Fillapex); estudos anteriores confirmam esses achados (Bukhari, et al, 2019;Alsubait, et al, 2019;Bose, et al, 2020). Bio-C Sealer exibiu potencial ação antimicrobiana quando comparado ao AH Plus.…”

“…A eficácia antimicrobiana dos cimentos biocerâmicos foi avaliada em poucos estudos anteriores, utilizando diferentes métodos microbiológicos e obtendo diferentes resultados (Candeiro, et al, 2016;Bukhari & Karabucak, 2019;Alsubait, et al, 2019;Bose, et al, 2020;Barbosa, et al, 2020). Estudos recentes revelaram a mesma eficácia dos cimentos biocerâmicos e do Research, Society and Development, v. 10, n. 8, e52910817593, 2021 (CC BY 4. (Candeiro, et al, 2016;Barbosa, et al, 2020).…”

“…Estudos recentes revelaram a mesma eficácia dos cimentos biocerâmicos e do Research, Society and Development, v. 10, n. 8, e52910817593, 2021 (CC BY 4. (Candeiro, et al, 2016;Barbosa, et al, 2020). Outros estudos in vitro relataram superioridade dos cimentos biocerâmicos sobre os cimentos à base de resina epóxi (Bukhari & Karabucak, 2019;Alsubait, et al, 2019;Bose, et al, 2020). Até o momento, estudos avaliando a atividade antimicrobiana de novos cimentos biocerâmicos na forma pronta para uso (Bio-C Sealer e Sealer Plus BC) são escassos (Barbosa, et al, 2020).…”

Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Properties of Bioceramic Materials in Endodontics

“…Another premixed calcium silicate sealer, TotalFill BC (FKG Swiss Endo, La Chauxde-Fonds, Switzerland), killed over 40% of E. faecalis biofilm in dentin [67], and showed effective antimicrobial properties against single-species [68] and multi-species endodontic biofilm using a direct contact test [69,70] and confocal laser scanning microscopy [71]. One recent study showed TotalFill BC had higher antimicrobial efficacy than AH-Plus sealer using a modified direct contact test [70].…”

Positive and negative properties of four endodontic sealant groups: a systematic review

“…Антибактериальные свойства биокерамического силера выражены существенно [35][36][37]. Высокие значения рН имеют особое значение для герметика корневых каналов, поскольку высвобождение ионов кальция стимулирует отложение твердых тканей и их антибактериальные свойства [22,36,[38][39][40].…”