Antimicrobial effects of various platelet rich concentrates-vibes from in-vitro studies-a systematic review

Abstract

The aim of the current review was to outline the existing information related to antimicrobial properties of various platelet concentrates, as experimented in various in-vitro studies. Background: One of the most interesting recent landmarks in the field of biological therapy has been the discovery that platelets, in addition to being capable of releasing hundreds of proteins and growth factors, can also release immunomodulatory agents with antimicrobial activity. Several international research groups have reported antimicrobial activities in both human platelets and other types of platelet rich plasma preparations. Review Result: This review was carried-out pursuing a systematic approach. An electronic search was conducted on MEDLINE and GOOGLE SCHOLAR databases using suitable search terminologies. It included preclinical studies which assessed the antimicrobial activity of Autologous Platelet Concentrates(APC).Ten in-vitro studies and one animal study, which investigated APC effects on various microorganisms, were included. Almost in all the included in-vitro studies, it was found that complete breakdown of microbial load could not be achieved by any of the APC preparations but there occurred a reduction in the growth of microorganisms. Thus APCs displayed a bacteriostatic rather than bacteriocidal activity.The only animal study included in this review which had both in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation, also showed reduction of infection caused by different microorganisms. Conclusion: Although the precise mechanism of synergy with microbial pathogens needs further validation, platelet concentrates proved to have antimicrobial properties.

Injectable platelet‐rich fibrin for facial rejuvenation: A prospective, single‐center study

“…For male subjects, an increased centrifugation time of 4 minutes is recommended as they tend to have a higher red cell counts compared with females. Additional refinements to the i‐PRF preparation used in our study have also been made to increase in tube size (from 10 to 13 mL) and increase the centrifugation time (from 3 to 5 minutes at 700 rpm), both of which result in an increased volume of i‐PRF (from 1 to ~2 mL) along with an increase in the number of platelets (up to 645,000 for each µL) and mesenchymal stem cells (up to 63 000 for each µL) 52 . This new i‐PRF preparation, called i‐PRF+, is more suitable for use in aesthetic procedures.…”

Plasma rico en plaquetas como terapia autóloga en la medicina regenerativa: Revisión narrativa

“…Experimentalmente se ha demostrado que el PRP aumenta la irrigación sanguínea y la oxigenación en lugares donde la circulación es limitada apoyado por sus factores de crecimiento, la restauración celular y el proceso de cicatrización autólogo. En ese caso se cumplen dos funciones, la dirigida contra el proceso infeccioso (Varshney et al, 2019) y el apoyo a la cicatrización y regeneración periodontal (Martínez et al, 2018) (Tabla 3).…”

“…Exposición por 2-14 días de ligamento periodontal y evaluación por inmunofluorescencia Aplicación de 1.5 cc de PRP en área afectada cada 72 h. Martínez et al, 2018Dragonas et al, 2019Varshney et al, 2019 Neumología Aplicación en diferentes en pacientes con: hemoptisis, neumotórax, fístulas respiratorias y traumatismo de tráquea.…”

“…Más allá del efecto cicatrizante y regenerativo del PRP y sus factores de crecimiento, también se ha demostrado actividad contra diversos microorganismos que infectan a pacientes postoperados como Candida albicans, Enterococcus facalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus agalactie y S. oralis (Drago et al, 2013;Li & Li, 2013), aparentemente por un proceso bacteriostático más que bactericida (Del Fabbro et al, 2016;Varshney et al, 2019). Además, presenta un efecto antiinflamatorio en modelos in vitro de heridas infectadas en pacientes diabéticos (Li et al, 2019), por asociación con el PRP (Cieślik-Bielecka et al, 2019) y en el tratamiento de lesiones crónicas que fácilmente adquieren infecciones (Piccin et al, 2017).…”

Application of platelet-rich plasma and platelet lysate as blood biomaterials in the treatment of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis

“…Due to the immediate presence of platelets at the site of damage, these cells are the first agents calling out other cells to the site of injury by releasing special mediators [5, 6]. There a number of research addressing the role of platelets in bacterial and parasitic infections [5-7]. Platelet α-granules contain a high concentration of growth factors.…”